ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL FUEL REQUIREMENTS
• The fuel cetane number should be equal to 45 or higher.
• The sulfur content must not exceed 0.5% by volume. Less than 0.5% is
preferred. Especially in the U.S.A. and Canada, Ultra Low Sulfur fuel should
be used.
• Bio-Diesel fuels.
• NEVER mix kerosene, used engine oil or residual fuels with diesel fuel.
• Water and sediment in the fuel should not exceed 0.05% by volume.
• Keep the fuel tank and fuel-handling equipment clean at all times.
• Poor quality fuel can reduce engine performance and/or cause engine
damage.
• Fuel additives are not recommended. Some fuel additives may cause poor
engine performance.
• Ash content must not exceed 0.01% by volume.
• Carbon residue content must not exceed 0.35% by volume. Less than 0.1% is
preferred.
• Total aromatics content should not exceed 35% by volume. Less than 30% is
preferred.
• PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content should be below 10% by
volume.
• Metal content of Na, Mg, Si and Al should be equal to or lower than 1 mass
ppm (test analysis method JPI-5S-44-95).
• Lubricity: Wear mark of WS1.4 should be Max. 460μm (0.018 in.) at HFRR
test.
BIO-DIESEL FUELS
In Europe and in the United States, as well as some other countries, non-mineral
oil based fuel resources such as RME (Rapeseed Methyl Ester) and SOME
(Soybean Methyl Ester), collectively known as FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters),
are being used as extenders for mineral oil derived diesel fuels.
These B20 diesel fuels must meet certain requirements:
1. The bio-fuels must meet the minimum specifications for the country in which
they are used.
• In Europe, bio-diesel fuels must comply with the European Standard
EN14214.
• In the United States, bio-diesel fuels must comply with the American
Standard ASTMD-6751.2.
2. Bio-fuels should be purchased only from recognized and authorized diesel
fuel suppliers.
Precautions and concerns regarding the use of bio-fuels:
64
OPERATION
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