10
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
The engine performance, reliability and life are inuenced by many factors, some external and some
strictly associated with the quality of the products used and with the scheduled maintenance.
The following information allow a better understanding and use of your engine.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS:
The operation of a four-stroke endothermic engine is aected by:
a) Temperature:
– Working in low temperatures could lead to a dicult cold starting.
– Working in very high temperatures could lead to a dicult hot starting due to the evaporation
of the fuel either in the carburetor oat chamber or in the pump.
– In any case, the right kind of oil must be used, according to the operating temperatures.
b) Altitude:
– The higher the altitude (above sea level), the lower the max power developed by an endothermic
engine.
– When there is a considerable increase in altitude, the load on the machine should be reduced and
particularly heavy work avoided.
OIL:
Use always high quality oils, choosing their viscosity grade according to the operating temperature.
a) Use only detergent oil classied SJ,SL or higher are acceptable.
b) Choose the SAE viscosity grade of oil from this chart:
– from 5 to 35 °C = SAE 30
– from -25 to + 5 °C = 5W-20 or 5W-30 (Multi-viscosity)
– from -7 to + 35 °C = Synthetic oils 10W-30 or 15W-40 (Multi-viscosity)
c) The use of multi-viscosity oils in hot temperatures will result in higher than normal oil consumption;
therefore, check oil level more frequently.
d) Do not mix oils of dierent brands and features.
e) SAE 30 oil, if used below 5°C, could result in possible engine damage due to inadequate lubrication.
f) Oil should be at “MAX” mark do not overll. Overlling with oil may cause:
– Smoking;
– Spark plug or air lter fouling, which will cause hard starting.
AIR FILTER:
A good quality fuel is the major issue for the engine reliability of operation. The air lter must always
be in perfect working order, to prevent debris and dust from getting sucked into the engine, reducing
the eciency and life of the machine.
a) Always keep the ltering element free of debris and in perfect working order.
b) If necessary, replace the ltering element with an original spare part. Incompatible ltering ele-
ments can impair the eciency and life of the engine.
c) Never start the engine without mounting the ltering element properly.
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