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RCA Spectra 70 Training Manual
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PSEUDO
BC
OP
FUNCTION
EQUIVALENT
B
Branch
Unconditional
BC
XIF',
Sl
NOP
No
Operation
Be
X'O',
Sl
BH
Branch
on
High
BC
X'2',Sl
BL
Branch
on
Low
BC
X'4',
Sl
BE
Branch
on
Equal
BC
X'8',Sl
BO
Branch
on
Overflow
(Arithmetic)
or
Branch
if
Ones
(after
TM)
BC
Xlll,Sl
BP
Branch
on
Plus
BC
X'2',
Sl
BM
Branch
on
-Minus
(Arithmetic)
or
Branch
if
Mixed
(after
TM)
BC
X'4',Sl
BZ
Branch
on
Zero
(Arithmetic)
or
Branch
if
Zero
(After
TM)
BC
X'8',Sl
Examples:
OPERATION
OPERAND
B
BEGIN
BH
ERR
BZ
ZERO
Exercise:
1.
What
does
the
symbol
*
(asterisk),
in
column
1
of
the
Assembler
Coding
form,
tell
the
Assem-
bler
program?
2.
What
is
a
redundant
name?
3.
If
a
statement
has
a
symbol
in
the
name
field
and
an
*
(asterisk)
as
its
first
operand,
which
of
the
following
Is
true?
a.
b.
c.
Name
address
and
asterisk
address
are
the
same.
Asterisk
address
is
name
address
plus
one.
Asterisk
address
is
name
address
plus
two.
4.
Indicate
the
type
of
the
following
self-defining
value.
Self-Defining
Value
C'9'
X'4645'
CIA'
246
C'A9'
22
5.
Indicate
whether
the
follOWing
statements
are
true
0
r
false.
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A
DS
code
reserves
a
portion
of
memory
and
clears
the
reserved
area
to
blanks.
Three
types
of
constants
may
be
de-
fined
with
the
DC
instruction.
The
length
of
a
constant
must
be
ex-
plicit.
If
the
length
of
a
constant
defined
by
a
single
DC
statement
is
17
bytes
the
rightmost
byte
will
be
truncated.
A
hexadecimal
constant
consisting
of
an
odd
number
of
hexadecimal
digits
will
have
a
zero
digit
padded
at
the
left
end
and
the
statement
will
be
flagged
in
the
listing.
6.
Describe
the
use
of
the
EXTRN
and
ENTRY
codes.
7.
How
many
external
symbols
may
be
identified
by
an
EXTRN
statement?
8.
Explain
the
restrictions
imposed
by
the
Assem-
bler
on
the
placing
of
ENTRY
statements
in
the
program.
9.
Using
the
Assembler
coding
form,
write
the
Assembler
and
machine
instructions
necessary
to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Set
the
Location
Counter
to
an
initial
set-
ting
of
1000.
Provide
linkage
to
a
subroutine
called
ABLE
which
is
not
a
part
of
this
program.
Set
aside
a
working
storage
area
of
75
bytes.
Provide
an
address
constant
of
3000.
10.
Define
the
following
abbreviations
as
used
by
the
machine
instructions.
a.
L
b.
c.
d.
S
e.
27
29
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
4
General Description
7
High-Speed Memory
9
Introduction
9
HSM Addressing
9
Hexadecimal Numbering System
10
Exercise
11
Data and Instruction Format
12
Data Formats
12
Unpacked Format
12
Edited Format
12
Machine Instruction Format
13
Exercise
13
Interrupt
15
Introduction
15
Programming States
15
Processing State
15
Interrupt State
15
Types of Interrupt
15
I/O Interrupt
15
Operation Code Trap
16
Arithmetic Overflow and Divide Exception
16
Elapsed Timer Interrupt
17
Inhibiting Interrupt
17
Exercise
17
Summary of Interrupt Logic
18
Elapsed Time Clock
19
Introduction to the RCA 70/25 Assembly Language
20
Format Requirements
20
Addressing
20
Self-Defining Values
22
Expressions
22
Implied Lengths
23
Assembler Controlling Codes
23
Define Storage (DS)
24
Origin Code (ORG)
24
Constant Definition (DC)
24
Program Linking Codes (ENTRY and EXTRH)
25
Run and Segment Controlling Codes (START, END, CSECT)
26
Equate Code (EQU)
27
Base Register Controlling Codes (USING, DROP)
27
Extended Mnemonic Instructions
27
Exercise
28
Instruction Complement
30
Data Movement Instructions
30
Move Character (MVC)
30
Exercises
31
Packing and Unpacking Data (PACK and UNPK)
32
Exercises
33
Decimal Arithmetic Instructions
35
Decimal Add (AP) and Subtract (SP)
35
Decimal Multiply (MP)
36
Decimal Divide (DP)
37
Exercises
37
Data Editing Instruction (ED)
39
Examples
40
Exercises
41
Comparison and Branching Instructions
43
Compare Logical (C LC)
43
Compare Decimal (CP)
43
Branch on Condition (BC)
44
Branch and Link (BAL)
44
Branch on Count (BCT)
45
Set P2 Register (STP2)
45
Exercises
45
Load and Store Instructions
47
Load Multiple (LM)
47
Store Multiple (STM)
47
Binary Arithmetic Instructions
48
Binary Add (AB) and Subtract (SB)
48
Exercise
48
Logical Instructions
51
Logical and (NC)
51
Logical or (OC)
51
Exclusive or (XC)
51
Use of Logicals
52
Test under Mask Instruction (TM)
53
Data Translation, Translate (TR)
53
Inputloutput
55
Introduction
55
Read Instructions (RDF) and (RDR)
55
Writing Data (WR) and (WRE)
56
Controlling Peripheral Devices
56
Error Recognition
57
Logic
59
Standard Device Byte
59
Sensing Exceptional Conditions
59
Peripheral Unit Sense Bytes
60
Summary of 1/0 Logic
61
Example of 110 Coding
62
Exercise
63
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Reference Manual
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RCA Spectra 70 Specifications
General
Brand
RCA
Model
Spectra 70
Category
Computer Hardware
Language
English
Related product manuals
RCA 70/46
260 pages
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