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NI 6221
National Instruments NI 6221 User Manual
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Chapter 4
Analog Input
©
National Instruments Corpor
ation
4-13
M Series User Manual
Connecting Analog Input Signals
T
able
4-6 summarizes the recom
mended input configuration for both types
of signal sources.
56
58
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
5
Table of Contents
5
About this Manual
14
Conventions
14
Related Documentation
15
Chapter 1 Getting Started
21
Installing NI-Daqmx
21
Installing Other Software
21
Installing the Hardware
21
Device Pinouts
21
Device Specifications
22
Device Accessories and Cables
22
Applying the Signal Label to USB-622X/625X Screw Terminal Devices
22
USB Cable Strain Relief
23
Chapter 2 DAQ System Overview
25
DAQ Hardware
25
DAQ-STC2 and DAQ-6202
26
Calibration Circuitry
27
Signal Conditioning
27
Sensors and Transducers
27
Signal Conditioning Options
28
Scxi
28
5B Series
29
Scc
29
Cables and Accessories
30
Custom Cabling
30
Programming Devices in Software
31
Chapter 3 Connector and LED Information
32
I/O Connector Signal Descriptions
33
M Series and E Series Pinout Comparison
36
+5 V Power Source
38
USB Chassis Ground
38
Disk Drive Power Connector
39
When to Use the Disk Drive Power Connector
39
Disk Drive Power Connector Installation
39
USB Device Fuse Replacement
40
RTSI Connector Pinout
43
LED Patterns
44
Chapter 4 Analog Input
45
Analog Input Range
46
Analog Input Lowpass Filter
48
Analog Input Ground-Reference Settings
49
Configuring AI Ground-Reference Settings in Software
51
Multichannel Scanning Considerations
51
Use Low Impedance Sources
52
Use Short High-Quality Cabling
52
Carefully Choose the Channel Scanning Order
53
Avoid Switching from a Large to a Small Input Range
53
Insert Grounded Channel between Signal Channels
53
Minimize Voltage Step between Adjacent Channels
54
Avoid Scanning Faster than Necessary
54
Example 1
54
Example 2
54
Analog Input Data Acquisition Methods
55
Software-Timed Acquisitions
55
Hardware-Timed Acquisitions
55
Buffered
55
Non-Buffered
56
Analog Input Triggering
56
Connecting Analog Input Signals
57
Isolated Outputs
58
Connecting Floating Signal Sources
59
What Are Floating Signal Sources
59
When to Use Differential Connections with Floating Signal Sources
59
When to Use Non-Referenced Single-Ended (NRSE) Connections with Floating Signal Sources
59
When to Use Referenced Single-Ended (RSE) Connections with Floating Signal Sources
60
Using Differential Connections for Floating Signal Sources
60
Using Non-Referenced Single-Ended (NRSE) Connections for Floating Signal Sources
63
Using Referenced Single-Ended (RSE) Connections for Floating Signal Sources
64
Connecting Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
65
What Are Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
65
When to Use Differential Connections with Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
65
When to Use Non-Referenced Single-Ended (NRSE) Connections with Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
66
When to Use Referenced Single-Ended (RSE) Connections with Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
66
Using Differential Connections for Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
67
Using Non-Referenced Single-Ended (NRSE) Connections for Ground-Referenced Signal Sources
68
Field Wiring Considerations
69
Analog Input Timing Signals
69
AI Sample Clock Signal
72
Other Timing Requirements
73
Routing AI Sample Clock Signal to an Output Terminal
73
Using an External Source
73
Using an Internal Source
73
AI Sample Clock Timebase Signal
74
AI Convert Clock Signal
75
Routing AI Convert Clock Signal to an Output Terminal
76
Using a Delay from Sample Clock to Convert Clock
76
Using an External Source
76
Using an Internal Source
76
Other Timing Requirements
77
AI Convert Clock Timebase Signal
79
AI Hold Complete Event Signal
80
AI Start Trigger Signal
80
Using a Digital Source
80
Routing AI Start Trigger to an Output Terminal
81
Using an Analog Source
81
AI Reference Trigger Signal
81
Routing AI Reference Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal
82
Using a Digital Source
82
Using an Analog Source
82
AI Pause Trigger Signal
83
Routing AI Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal
83
Using a Digital Source
83
Using an Analog Source
83
Getting Started with AI Applications in Software
84
Chapter 5 Analog Output
85
AO Offset and AO Reference Selection
86
Minimizing Glitches on the Output Signal
88
Analog Output Data Generation Methods
88
Software-Timed Generations
88
Hardware-Timed Generations
88
Buffered
89
Non-Buffered
89
Analog Output Triggering
90
Connecting Analog Output Signals
90
Analog Output Timing Signals
91
AO Start Trigger Signal
91
Using a Digital Source
91
Routing AO Start Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal
92
Using an Analog Source
92
AO Pause Trigger Signal
92
Using a Digital Source
93
Routing AO Pause Trigger Signal to an Output Terminal
94
Using an Analog Source
94
AO Sample Clock Signal
94
Routing AO Sample Clock Signal to an Output Terminal
94
Using an External Source
94
Using an Internal Source
94
Other Timing Requirements
95
AO Sample Clock Timebase Signal
95
Getting Started with AO Applications in Software
96
Chapter 6 Digital I/O
97
Static DIO
98
Digital Waveform Triggering
99
Digital Waveform Acquisition
99
DI Sample Clock Signal
100
Using an External Source
100
Using an Internal Source
100
Routing DI Sample Clock to an Output Terminal
101
Digital Waveform Generation
101
DO Sample Clock Signal
101
Routing DO Sample Clock to an Output Terminal
102
Using an External Source
102
Using an Internal Source
102
I/O Protection
103
Programmable Power-Up States
103
DI Change Detection
104
Applications
105
Connecting Digital I/O Signals
105
Getting Started with DIO Applications in Software
106
Chapter 7 Counters
107
Counter Input Applications
108
Counting Edges
108
Single Point (On-Demand) Edge Counting
108
Buffered (Sample Clock) Edge Counting
109
Controlling the Direction of Counting
110
Pulse-Width Measurement
110
Single Pulse-Width Measurement
110
Buffered Pulse-Width Measurement
111
Period Measurement
112
Single Period Measurement
112
Buffered Period Measurement
113
Semi-Period Measurement
114
Buffered Semi-Period Measurement
114
Single Semi-Period Measurement
114
Frequency Measurement
115
Method 1-Measure Low Frequency with One Counter
115
Method 1B-Measure Low Frequency with One Counter (Averaged)
116
Method 2-Measure High Frequency with Two Counters
117
Method 3-Measure Large Range of Frequencies Using Two Counters
118
Choosing a Method for Measuring Frequency
119
Position Measurement
120
Measurements Using Quadrature Encoders
120
Measurements Using Two Pulse Encoders
123
Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement
123
Buffered Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement
124
Single Two-Signal Edge-Separation Measurement
124
Counter Output Applications
125
Simple Pulse Generation
125
Single Pulse Generation
125
Single Pulse Generation with Start Trigger
126
Retriggerable Single Pulse Generation
127
Pulse Train Generation
127
Continuous Pulse Train Generation
127
Frequency Generation
128
Using the Frequency Generator
128
Frequency Division
130
Pulse Generation for ETS
130
Counter Timing Signals
131
Counter N Source Signal
132
Routing a Signal to Counter N Source
132
Routing Counter N Source to an Output Terminal
133
Counter N Gate Signal
133
Routing a Signal to Counter N Gate
133
Routing Counter N Gate to an Output Terminal
133
Counter N aux Signal
134
Routing a Signal to Counter N aux
134
Counter N A, Counter N B, and Counter N Z Signals
134
Routing Counter N Z Signal to an Output Terminal
134
Routing Signals to A, B, and Z Counter Inputs
134
Counter N Up_Down Signal
135
Counter N HW Arm Signal
135
Routing Signals to Counter N HW Arm Input
135
Counter N Internal Output and Counter N TC Signals
135
Routing Counter N Internal Output to an Output Terminal
136
Frequency Output Signal
136
Routing Frequency Output to a Terminal
136
Default Counter/Timer Pinouts
136
Counter Triggering
137
Arm Start Trigger
137
Start Trigger
138
Pause Trigger
138
Other Counter Features
139
Cascading Counters
139
Counter Filters
139
Prescaling
140
Duplicate Count Prevention
141
Example Application that Works Correctly (no Duplicate Counting)
141
Example Application that Prevents Duplicate Count
142
Example Application that Works Incorrectly (Duplicate Counting)
142
When to Use Duplicate Count Prevention
143
Enabling Duplicate Count Prevention in NI-Daqmx
144
Synchronization Modes
144
80 Mhz Source Mode
145
External Source Mode
145
Other Internal Source Mode
145
Chapter 8 PFI
146
Using PFI Terminals as Timing Input Signals
147
Exporting Timing Output Signals Using PFI Terminals
148
Using PFI Terminals as Static Digital I/Os
148
Connecting PFI Input Signals
149
PFI Filters
149
I/O Protection
151
Programmable Power-Up States
151
Chapter 9 Digital Routing and Clock Generation
152
Clock Routing
152
80 Mhz Timebase
153
100 Khz Timebase
153
External Reference Clock
153
10 Mhz Reference Clock
154
Synchronizing Multiple Devices
154
Real-Time System Integration (RTSI)
155
RTSI Connector Pinout
155
Using RTSI as Outputs
157
Using RTSI Terminals as Timing Input Signals
157
RTSI Filters
158
PXI Clock and Trigger Signals
159
Pxi_Clk10
159
PXI Triggers
159
PXI_STAR Trigger
160
PXI_STAR Filters
160
Chapter 10 Bus Interface
162
DMA Controllers and USB Signal Stream
162
PXI Considerations
163
PXI Clock and Trigger Signals
163
PXI and PXI Express
163
Using PXI with Compactpci
164
Data Transfer Methods
165
Changing Data Transfer Methods
166
Chapter 11 Triggering
167
Triggering with a Digital Source
167
Triggering with an Analog Source
168
APFI <0..1> Terminals
168
Analog Input Channels
169
Analog Trigger Actions
169
Routing Analog Comparison Event to an Output Terminal
169
Analog Trigger Types
169
Analog Edge Triggering
170
Analog Edge Triggering with Hysteresis
170
Analog Edge Trigger with Hysteresis (Falling Slope)
171
Analog Edge Trigger with Hysteresis (Rising Slope)
171
Analog Window Triggering
172
Analog Trigger Accuracy
173
Figure A-1. PCI/PXI-6220 Pinout
176
Figure A-2. PCI/PXI-6221 (68-Pin) Pinout
181
Figure A-4. USB-6221 Screw Terminal Pinout
188
Figure A-5. USB-6221 BNC Top Panel and Pinout
191
Appendix D
198
Appendix E
198
Figure A-13. PCI/PXI-6224 Pinout
198
Figure A-14. PCI/PXI-6225 Pinout
204
Figure A-15. USB-6225 Screw Terminal Pinout
210
Figure A-16. USB-6225 Mass Termination Pinout
213
Figure A-17. PCI/PXI-6229 Pinout
219
Figure A-18. USB-6229 Screw Terminal Pinout
225
Figure A-19. USB-6229 BNC Top Panel and Pinout
228
Figure A-27. PCI/PXI-6250 Pinout
235
Figure A-28. ni Pci/Pcie/Pxi/Pxie-6251 Pinout
240
Figure A-29. USB-6251 Screw Terminal Pinout
244
Figure A-30. USB-6251 BNC Top Panel and Pinout
247
Figure A-39. USB-6251 Mass Termination Pinout
255
Figure A-40. PCI/PXI-6254 Pinout
260
Figure A-41. PCI/PXI-6255 Pinout
266
Figure A-42. USB-6255 Screw Terminal Pinout
272
Figure A-43. USB-6255 Mass Termination Pinout
275
Figure A-44. ni Pci/Pcie/Pxi/Pxie-6259 Pinout
281
Figure A-45. USB-6259 Screw Terminal Pinout
287
Figure A-46. USB-6259 BNC Top Panel and Pinout
290
Figure A-55. USB-6259 Mass Termination Pinout
298
Figure A-56. PCI/PXI-6280 Pinout
303
Figure A-57. PCI/PXI-6281 Pinout
308
Figure A-58. PCI/PXI-6284 Pinout
313
Figure A-59. PCI/PXI-6289 Pinout
319
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National Instruments NI 6221 Specifications
General
Brand
National Instruments
Model
NI 6221
Category
Media Converter
Language
English
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