The turbocharger is a turbo-machine and consists of the following main
components:
Turbine
Compressor
These are both mounted on a common shaft.
Exhaust gases from the diesel engine flow through the gas inlet casing (6)
and the nozzle ring (7) to impinge on the turbine wheel (8).
The turbine wheel (8) uses the energy contained in the exhaust gas to
drive the compressor wheel (11). The compressor draws in fresh air,
compresses it and then forces it into the engine cylinders.
The exhaust gas escapes to free air through the exhaust gas pipe which
is connected to the gas outlet casing (5).
The air, which is required for operation of the diesel engine and com-
pressed in the turbocharger, is drawn through the filter silencer (1) into the
compressor wheel (11). This air then passes through the diffuser (10) and
leaves the turbocharger through the compressor casing (12).
The rotor runs in two radial plain bearings (2/4), which are located in the
bearing casing (9) between the compressor and the turbine. The axial
thrust bearing (3) is at the compressor end.
The plain bearings are connected to a central lubricating oil duct which is
normally supplied by the lubricating oil circuit of the engine. The oil outlet
is always at the lowest point of the bearing casing (9).
The turbocharger is equipped with an emergency lubrication oil tank,
which is integrated in the bearing casing. During an emergency stop
caused by a failure of the lubrication oil system, this emergency lubrica-
tion unit supplies oil to the bearings until the rotor comes to a standstill.
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