2
1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................4
1.1 The HP 21xx/1000 Computer Systems ............................................................................................4
1.2 Simulator Files..................................................................................................................................5
2 Simulator Features............................................................................................................................8
2.1 Hardware-Equivalent Actions ..........................................................................................................9
2.2 Simulator-Specific Commands.......................................................................................................10
2.2.1 Numeric Display and Entry......................................................................................................10
2.2.2 Symbolic Display and Entry ....................................................................................................10
2.2.3 EXAMINE, DEPOSIT, IEXAMINE, and IDEPOSIT.............................................................12
2.2.4 BREAK and NOBREAK .........................................................................................................12
2.2.5 RESET .....................................................................................................................................12
2.2.6 RUN and GO............................................................................................................................13
2.2.7 LOAD, DUMP, and BOOT .....................................................................................................13
2.2.8 Device Configuration ...............................................................................................................14
2.2.9 Enabling and Disabling Devices ..............................................................................................14
2.2.10 I/O Interface Select Code Assignments ...................................................................................14
2.2.11 SAVE and RESTORE..............................................................................................................15
2.3 Realistic, Calibrated, and Optimized Timing .................................................................................15
2.4 The Simulation Console and the System Console..........................................................................17
2.5 Tracing Simulator Operations ........................................................................................................17
3 Processor Device Simulations ........................................................................................................18
3.1 Central Processing Unit ..................................................................................................................18
3.1.1 Bootstrap Loaders ....................................................................................................................22
3.1.2 Simulation Stops ......................................................................................................................23
3.1.3 Stop Messages..........................................................................................................................24
3.1.4 Tracing .....................................................................................................................................25
3.1.5 Registers...................................................................................................................................28
3.2 12578A/12607B/12895A Direct Memory Access Controllers, 12897B Dual-Channel Port
Controller........................................................................................................................................28
3.3 12581A/12892B Memory Protect ..................................................................................................30
3.4 12731A Memory Expansion Module .............................................................................................31
4 Programmed General I/O Device Simulations ...............................................................................32
4.1 12531C Buffered Teleprinter Interface with One 2752/54 Teleprinter..........................................32
4.2 12539C Time Base Generator ........................................................................................................33
4.3 12597A-002 Tape Reader Interface with One 2748 Paper Tape Reader .......................................35
4.4 12597A-005 Tape Punch Interface with One 2895 Paper Tape Punch..........................................36
4.5 12620A/12936A Privileged Interrupt Fence ..................................................................................37
4.6 12653A Line Printer Interface with One 2767 Line Printer...........................................................38
4.7 12792C 8-Channel Asynchronous Multiplexer ..............................................................................41
4.7.1 Device Options.........................................................................................................................42
4.7.2 Unit Options.............................................................................................................................43
4.7.3 Tracing and Registers...............................................................................................................44
4.8 12845B Line Printer Interface with One 2607/13/17/18 Line Printer............................................46
4.8.1 Device Options.........................................................................................................................47
4.8.2 Unit Options.............................................................................................................................48
4.8.3 Vertical Format Unit ................................................................................................................49
4.8.4 Tracing and Registers...............................................................................................................51