Heat pump function
The heat pump uses the heat that is in the air to heat up the domestic hot
water. The conversion of the air's energy to hot water occurs in three dif-
ferent circuits. From the outgoing exhaust air, surrounding air or indoor
air, (1), free heat energy is retrieved and transported to the heat pump. In
the refrigerant circuit, (2) the heat pump increases the retrieved heat's
low temperature to a high temperature. In the heating medium circuit,
(3) the heat is distributed to the water heater.
The air
Air is transferred from outdoors or from the rooms via ducts to the heat
pump.
A
The fan then routes the air to the heat pump’s evaporator. Here, the air
releases the heating energy to the brine and the air's temperature drops
significantly. The cold air is then blown out of the house or into a room in
the house.
B
Refrigerant circuit
A liquid, a refrigerant, circulates in a closed system in the heat pump which
also passes the evaporator. The refrigerant has a very low boiling point.
In the evaporator the refrigerant receives the heat energy from the air and
starts to boil.
C
The gas that is produced during boiling is routed into an electrically
powered compressor. When the gas is compressed, the pressure increases
and the gas's temperature increases considerably, from 5 °C to approx. 80
°C.
D
From the compressor, gas is forced into a heat exchanger, condenser,
where it releases heat energy to the domestic hot water, whereupon the
gas is cooled and condenses to a liquid form again.
E
As the pressure is still high, the refrigerant can pass an expansion valve,
where the pressure drops so that the refrigerant returns to its original
temperature. The refrigerant has now completed a full cycle. It is routed
to the evaporator again and the process is repeated.
F
Domestic hot water
The heat energy that the refrigerant produces in the condenser is retrieved
by the domestic hot water which is heated to the set temperature.
G
The temperatures are only examples and may vary between different installations and
time of year.
9NIBE™ F110Chapter 2 | The heating installation – the heart of the house
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