5
4.4 PROTECTIVE ELEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................................................76
Rated values ...................................................................................................................................................................................................76
Underimpedance - 21 ...................................................................................................................................................................................81
Overflux - 24 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................87
Thermal protection with RTD thermometric probes - 26 ........................................................................................................................94
Undervoltage - 27 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................96
Positive sequence undervoltage - 27V1 ................................................................................................................................................. 100
100% stator earth-fault with 3rd harmonic: residual under-overvoltage (27H-59H) .........................................................................102
Directional active overpower - 32P ..........................................................................................................................................................106
Directional reactive overpower - 32Q ..................................................................................................................................................... 109
Undercurrent - 37 ........................................................................................................................................................................................112
Directional active underpower - 37P .......................................................................................................................................................114
Directional reactive underpower - 37Q ...................................................................................................................................................117
Loss of field - 40 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 120
Negative sequence overcurrent for Line or Transformer protection - 46LT .....................................................................................126
Negative sequence overcurrent for Generator protection - 46G ( .................................................................................................... 133
Negative sequence overcurrent for motor protection - 46M ............................................................................................................. 138
Phase rotation direction check - 47 .........................................................................................................................................................145
Thermal image - 49LT for Line or Transformer protection (Side H and Side L) .................................................................................146
Thermal image - 49MG for motor or generator protection ...................................................................................................................157
Inadvertent energization - 50/27 .............................................................................................................................................................. 168
Negative sequence current / positive sequence current ratio - I2/I1 ................................................................................................172
Phase overcurrent - 50/51 Side H and Side L .........................................................................................................................................175
Residual overcurrent - 50N.1/51N.1, 50N.2/51N.2 or high impedance restricted earth fault - 87NHIZ.1, 87NHIZ.2 side 1,2 ....185
Locked rotor- 50S/51LR(48)/14 ...................................................................................................................................................................196
Voltage controlled/restraint overcurrent - 51V ......................................................................................................................................202
Residual overcurrent - 50N(Comp)/51N(Comp) side H or side L ........................................................................................................ 209
Minimum power factor - 55 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 219
Overvoltage - 59 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 223
Residual overvoltage - 59N ........................................................................................................................................................................227
Negative sequence overvoltage - 59V2 ...................................................................................................................................................231
Rotor Earth Fault - 64F .............................................................................................................................................................................. 233
Low impedance restricted ground fault- 64REF .................................................................................................................................... 238
Maximum number of starts - 66 ................................................................................................................................................................241
Phase directional overcurrent - 67 .......................................................................................................................................................... 243
Ground directional overcurrent - 67N ..................................................................................................................................................... 259
Ground directional overcurrent with calculated residual current - 67N(Comp) ..............................................................................282
Out of Step - 78
............................................................................................................................................................................................294
Overfrequency - 81O .................................................................................................................................................................................. 303
Underfrequency - 81U ................................................................................................................................................................................305
Frequency rate change - 81R ................................................................................................................................................................... 308
Vector jump - dphi .......................................................................................................................................................................................326
Breaker failure - BF .................................................................................................................................................................................... 328
4.5 CONTROL AND MONITORING ......................................................................................................................................................................334
Synchrocheck - 25 ......................................................................................................................................................................................334
Remote tripping ...........................................................................................................................................................................................342
Second Harmonic Restraint - 2ndh-REST .............................................................................................................................................. 343
CT supervision - 74CT .................................................................................................................................................................................344
VT supervision - 74VT .................................................................................................................................................................................345
Trip circuit supervision - 74TCS.................................................................................................................................................................347
Virtual I/O ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 350
Circuit breaker supervision (Side H and Side L) ................................................................................................................................... 353
Oscillography ...............................................................................................................................................................................................355
Arc Flash Protection ...................................................................................................................................................................................356
— 5 MEASURES, LOGIC STATES AND COUNTERS 357
Measures ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 357
Protections .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 358
Delayed inputs ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 358
Self test ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 358
Pilot wire diagnostic .................................................................................................................................................................................. 359
Selective Block - BLOCK2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 359
Fault recording - SFR ................................................................................................................................................................................. 359
Event recording - SER ................................................................................................................................................................................ 359
Oscillography - DFR ................................................................................................................................................................................... 359
XMR-D EQUIPMENT MANUAL
Ed. 2.9 - 02/2021
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