Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5
Definitions ............................................................................................................ 5
HVAC System Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 8
General................................................................................................ 8
Heating ................................................................................................ 9
General................................................................................................ 9
Heating Equipment .............................................................................. 10
Cooling ................................................................................................ 11
General................................................................................................ 11
Cooling Equipment .............................................................................. 12
Dehumidification .................................................................................. 12
Humidification ...................................................................................... 13
Ventilation ............................................................................................ 13
Filtration............................................................................................... 14
Control System Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 15
Controlled Variables ............................................................................ 15
Control Loop ........................................................................................ 15
Control Methods .................................................................................. 16
General ........................................................................................... 16
Analog And Digital Control .............................................................. 16
Control Modes ..................................................................................... 17
Two-Position Control ....................................................................... 17
General ....................................................................................... 17
Basic Two-Position Control ......................................................... 17
Timed Two-Position Control ........................................................ 18
Step Control .................................................................................... 19
Floating Control............................................................................... 20
Proportional Control ........................................................................ 21
General ....................................................................................... 21
Compensation Control ................................................................ 22
Proportional-Integral (Pi) Control .................................................... 23
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (Pid) Control ................................. 25
Enhanced Proportional-Integral-Derivative (epid) Control .............. 25
Adaptive Control ............................................................................. 26
Process Characteristics....................................................................... 26
Control
Fundamentals