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HP HP-28S User Manual
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25
System
Operations
This
chapter
describes
special
key
combinations
that
interrupt
normal
HP-28S
operation.
These
system
operations
include
printing
the
dis-
play,
adjusting
display
contrast,
halting
programs,
resetting
memory,
and
performing
diagnostic
tests.
All
system
operations
begin
by
pressing
the
ION
I
key.
You
can
cancel
any
system
operation
by
pressing
I
DEL
I
before
you
release
ION
I.
The
table
below
shows
the
keystrokes
for
system
operations,
followed
by
a
description
of
each.
System
Operations
Name
Print
Display
Contrast
Control
Attention
System
Halt
Memory
Reset
Repeating
Test
Keyboard
Test
Cancel
System
Operation
Keystrokes
IONIW
IONI~
or
IONIG
IONI
ION
1m
IONI~[E
IONlw
ION)I
NEXT
I
ION)I
DEL
I
25:
System
Operations
215
215
217
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
6
How to Use this Manual
16
What's in this Manual
16
For more Information
17
Part 1: Fundamentals
18
Getting Started
19
Preliminaries
19
Opening and Closing the Case
19
Locating the Battery Door and Printer Port
20
Turning the HP-28S on and off
21
Clearing All Memory (Memory Reset)
21
Adjusting the Display Contrast
22
Keyboard Calculations
22
An Overview of the Calculator
26
Major Features and Concepts
26
The Catalog of Commands
32
Doing Arithmetic
35
Entering and Displaying Numbers
37
Changing the Decimal Point
37
Selecting Number Display Mode
38
Keying in Numbers
40
One-Number Functions
41
Two-Number Functions
42
Addition and Subtraction
42
Multiplication and Division
42
Powers and Roots
43
Percentages
44
Swapping Levels 1 and 2
44
Clearing Objects from the Stack
45
Chain Calculations
46
If You Execute the Wrong Function
48
Using Variables
49
Introduction to Variables
49
Creating a Numerical Variable
50
Recalling a Numerical Variable
51
Evaluating a Numerical Variable
51
Changing the Value of a Variable
52
Purging a Variable
53
Changing the Name of a Variable
53
Creating a Program Variable
55
Recalling a Program Variable
57
Evaluating a Program Variable
57
Quoted and Unquoted Names
58
Repeating Calculations
59
Creating an Expression
59
Creating a Directory
61
Using the Solver to Repeat a Calculation
64
Using a Different Set of Values
67
Using a Different Expression
69
Returning to HOME
72
Summary
73
Real-Number Functions
74
Trigonometric Functions
74
Selecting Angle Mode
74
Using
75
Converting Angular Measure
77
Logarithmic, Exponential, and Hyperbolic Functions
78
Other Real Functions
79
Defining New Functions
80
Complex-Number Functions
83
Using Complex Numbers
83
Using Polar Coordinates
85
User Function for Polar Addition
87
Plotting
90
Printing a Plot
92
Changing the Scale of the Plot
92
Translating the Plot
94
Redefining the Corners of the Plot
95
Plotting Equations
98
The Solver
99
Finding a Zero of an Expression
99
Finding a Minimum or Maximum
101
Time Value of Money
104
Symbolic Solutions
108
Finding the Zeros of a Quadratic Expression
108
Isolating a Variable
110
Expanding and Collecting
111
Using FORM
113
Calculus
118
Differentiating an Expression
118
Step-By-Step Differentiation
119
Complete Differentiation
121
Integrating an Expression
121
Symbolic Integration of Polynomials
122
Numerical Integration of Expressions
123
Vectors and Matrices
125
Vectors
125
Keying in a Vector
125
Multiplying and Dividing a Vector by a Number
126
Adding and Subtracting Vectors
126
Finding the Cross Product
127
Finding the Dot Product
127
Matrices
127
Keying in a Matrix
128
Viewing a Large Matrix
128
Inverting a Matrix
129
Finding the Determinant
129
Multiplying Two Arrays
129
Multiplying Two Matrices
129
Multiplying a Matrix and a Vector
130
Solving a System of Linear Equations
131
Statistics
132
Entering Data
133
Editing Data
134
Single-Sample Statistics
135
Finding the Mean
135
Finding the Standard Deviation
136
Finding the Variance
136
Paired-Sample Statistics
136
Specifying a Pair of Columns
137
Finding the Correlation
137
Finding the Covariance
137
Finding the Linear Regression
138
Finding Predicted Values
138
Selecting the Wordsize
139
Binary Arithmetic
139
Selecting the Base
140
Entering Binary Integers
140
Calculating with Binary Integers
141
Unit Conversion
142
The UNITS Catalog
142
Converting Units
144
Converting Unit Strings
145
Checking for the Correct Units
147
User Functions for Unit Conversion
148
Printing
150
Printing the Display
150
Printing a Running Record
151
Printing Level 1
152
Printing the Stack
153
Printing a Variable
153
Part 2: Summary of Calculator Features
154
Objects
155
Real Numbers
156
Complex Numbers
156
Binary Integers
157
Strings
157
Arrays
158
Lists
159
Names
160
Programs
161
Expressions
162
Equations
163
Symbolic Constants
164
Operations, Commands, and Functions
165
The Command Line
167
The Cursor Menu
167
Some Entry Keys
169
Object Delimiters and Separators
170
Entry Modes
170
Exceptions
172
Manual Selection of Entry Modes
172
How the Cursor Indicates Modes
173
Executing the Command Line
174
Editing Existing Objects
174
Recovering Command Lines
175
The Command Line as a String
176
The Stack
177
Review of Stack Concepts
177
Viewing the Stack
178
Manipulating the Stack
178
Local Variables
180
Recovering the Last Arguments
180
Restoring the Stack
181
The Stack as a List
182
Memory
183
User Memory
183
Global Variables
183
Directories
184
Recovery Features
188
Low Memory
189
Maximizing Performance
191
Menus
193
Menus of Commands
194
Menus of Variables
195
Menus of Operations
195
Custom Menus
196
Catalog of Commands
197
Finding a Command
198
Checking Command Use
198
Evaluation
199
Data-Class Objects
200
Name-Class Objects
200
Evaluation of Local Names
201
Evaluation of Global Names
201
Procedure-Class Objects
202
Evaluation of Programs
202
Evaluation of Algebraics
203
Evaluation of Functions
204
Modes
206
General Modes
206
Entry and Display Modes
208
Recovery Modes
211
Mathematical Exceptions
212
Printing Modes
213
System Operations
216
Printing the Display
217
Contrast Control
217
Clearing Operations
217
Attention
217
Memory Reset
218
System Halt
218
Test Operations
219
Repeating Test
219
Part 3: Programming
222
Program Structures
223
Local-Variable Structure
223
Conditional Structures
224
IFTE (If-Then-Else-End Function)
227
1FT (If-Then-End Command)
228
Error Traps
228
Definite Loop Structures
229
Start
229
FOR Counter
230
Indefinite Loop Structures
232
While
233
Nested Program Structures
234
Interactive Programs
235
Asking for Input
235
Asking for a Choice
236
Programming Examples
241
Box Functions
242
BOXS (Surface of a Box)
242
BOXS Without Local Variables
245
BOXR (Ratio of Surface to Volume of a Box)
246
Fibonacci Numbers
247
FIB2 (Fibonacci Numbers, Loop Version)
249
Comparison of Fibl and FIB2
250
Single-Step Execution
251
Expanding and Collecting Completely
254
MULTI (Multiple Execution)
254
EXCO (Expand and Collect Completely)
256
Displaying a Binary Integer
258
PAD (Pad with Leading Spaces)
258
PRESERVE (Save and Restore Previous Status)
259
BDISP (Binary Display)
262
Summary Statistics
263
SUMS (Summary Statistics Matrix)
264
Median of Statistics Data
271
SORT (Sort a List)
272
LMED (Median of a List)
273
MEDIAN (Median of Statistics Data)
274
Changing Directories
276
UP (Move to a Parent Directory)
277
DOWN (Move to a Subdirectory)
278
Appendixes & Indexes
282
Assistance, Batteries, and Service
283
Answers to Common Questions
283
Batteries
287
Calculator Maintenance
290
Environmental Limits
290
Determining if the Calculator Requires Service
290
Limited One-Year Warranty
292
If the Calculator Requires Service
294
Regulatory Information
296
Notes for Algebraic Calculator Users
303
Menu Map
307
Key Index
328
Subject Index
333
Other manuals for HP HP-28S
Quick Reference
49 pages
Owner's Manual
341 pages
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HP HP-28S Specifications
General
Brand
HP
Model
HP-28S
Category
Calculator
Language
English
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