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2. For other profiles besides G8275.1 and G8275.2, the SyncE operation will depend on whether
the profile is specified for L2-multicast or L3-unicast. If L2-multicast, then it will follow G8275.1
operation, and if L3-multicast, it will follow G8275.2 operation.
3. SyncE operation is valid only in association with Operating Modes, GNSS-only and PTP-only.
Synchronous Ethernet field should be set to off for other operating modes.
5G and Synchronization
As the reader may be aware, in 5G the base stations is decomposed into remote radio unit (RRU),
distribution unit (DU), and the control unit (CU). For the proper functioning and getting optimal
performance from RU, DU and CU in 5G RAN, precise timing and synchronization plays a crucial role.
Not only just from RAN perspective, but also from an end-to-end network perspective for new
applications and services like network slicing that run on 5G network.
For 5G RAN, the typical sync and time error budget is +/-1.5us from the core to RAN over the air (OTA)
interface. For specific deployments and network operation use case scenarios, a higher precision or
sync accuracy may be required. For Time Alignment Error (TAE) within a cluster of RUs, , all of which
synchronizing from the same DU, it is +/-130ns. It should be noted that this budget is specified for
synchronization and not latency.
Open RAN, ORAN deployment scenarios
EdgeSync is a simple yet powerful and flexible stand-alone timing and synchronization solution for
todays and next generation networks. Specifically with the advent of commercial off the shelf hardware
(COTS), open-source software and disaggregation concepts and technologies into Radio Access
Network (RAN).
Below shows the RAN Architecture evolution. Prior to 5G, the RAN architecture was such that the base
stations are co-located with the Radio tower and all the layer-1 (or PHY or Radio) including
analog/digital conversions at or near the radio. In 5G, with massive MIMO, millimeter wave with shorter
range radios, and more end applications, there will be more radios (small cells, and towers). This is
needed to provide the necessary coverage. The radios need to be small, economical, and efficient and
located remotely for 5G. Centralized RAN, virtualized RAN and Open RAN are some of the new
architectures that are gaining traction in this regard.
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