System Switch/Multimeter User's Manual Section 5:
Basic Digital Multimeter (DMM) Operation
-900-01 Rev. A / August 2007 5
AC voltage measurements and crest factor
The root-mean-square (RMS) value of any periodic voltage or current is equal to the value of the
DC voltage or current which delivers the same power to a resistance as the periodic waveform
does. Crest factor is the ratio of the peak value to the RMS value of a particular waveform. This
is represented by the following equations:
The crest factor of various waveforms is different, since the peak-to-RMS ratios are variable. For
example, the crest factor for a pulse waveform is related to the duty cycle; as the duty cycle
decreases, the crest factor increases. The RMS calculations and crest factor (CF) for various
waveforms are shown in the following figures.
Figure 5-5: ACV measurements: sine waves
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