XBee ZigBee networks Networking concepts
XBee/XBee-PRO ZigBee RF Modules User Guide 35
Networking concepts
Device types
ZigBee defines three different device types: Coordinator, Router, and End Device.
Node types / sample of a basic ZigBee network topology
A coordinator has the following characteristics: it
Selects a channel and PAN ID (both 64-bit and 16-bit) to start the network
Can allow routers and end devices to join the network
Can assist in routing data
Cannot sleep--should be mains powered
Can buffer RF data packets for sleeping end device children
A router has the following characteristics: it
Must join a ZigBee PAN before it can transmit, receive, or route data
After joining, can allow routers and end devices to join the network
After joining, can assist in routing data
Cannot sleep—should be mains powered
Can buffer RF data packets for sleeping end device children
An end device has the following characteristics: it
Must join a ZigBee PAN before it can transmit or receive data
Cannot allow devices to join the network
Must always transmit and receive RF data through its parent
Cannot route data
Can enter low power modes to conserve power and can be battery-powered
An example of such a network is shown below:
In ZigBee networks, the coordinator must select a PAN ID (64-bit and 16-bit) and channel to start a network. After
that, it behaves essentially like a router. The coordinator and routers can allow other devices to join the network
and can route data.
After an end device joins a router or coordinator, it must be able to transmit or receive RF data through that
router or coordinator. The router or coordinator that allowed an end device to join becomes the “parent” of the
end device. Since the end device can sleep, the parent must be able to buffer or retain incoming data packets
destined for the end device until the end device is able to wake and receive the data.
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