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Keithley 2600a series User Manual
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A GREA
TER MEASU
RE OF CONF
IDENCE
Series 2600A
System SourceMeter
®
Reference Manual
2600AS-901-01 Rev
. B / September 2008
www
.keithley
.com
A GR
EA
TER M
EASU
R
E OF C
ON
F
I
DENCE
Series 2600A
System SourceMeter
®
Reference Manual
2600AS-901-01 Rev
. B / September 2008
2600AS-901-01 (B - Sept 2008).qxp 10/9/08 3:40 PM Page 1
2
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
7
Default Chapter
7
Safety Precautions
7
Table of Contents
9
Topic Page
10
1 Getting Started
27
Introduction
28
Capabilities and Features
28
Organization of Manual Sections
29
General Information
29
Warranty Information
29
Contact Information
29
Unpacking and Inspection
29
Options and Accessories
30
User's and Reference Manuals
31
Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
32
Front Panel Summaries
32
Rear Panel Summaries
35
Figure 1-3 Models 2635A/2636A Rear Panels
37
Cooling Vents
39
Power-Up
40
Line Power Connection
40
Power-Up Sequence
41
Beeper
41
Display Modes
42
Editing Controls
43
Source and Compliance Editing
43
Menu Navigation
44
Menu Types
45
Table 1-3 Main Menu
45
Table 1-4 Configuration Menus
46
Interface Configuration
47
USB Storage Overview
47
Connecting the USB Flash Drive
47
Using the File System
48
File System Navigation
48
Error and Status Messages
48
2 DUT Test Connections
49
Input/Output Connectors
50
Figure 2-1 2602A/2612A Input/Output Connectors
51
Input/Output lo and Chassis Ground
52
Figure 2-4 Model 2636A Input/Output and Chassis Ground
53
Sensing Methods
54
2-Wire Local Sensing
54
Figure 2-7 Model 2602A/2612A Two-Wire Connections (Local Sensing)
55
4-Wire Remote Sensing
56
Sense Mode Selection
57
Contact Check Connections
57
Multiple SMU Connections
58
Figure 2-14 Model 2636A, Two Smus Connected to a 3-Terminal Device (Local Sensing, Floating)
59
Guarding and Shielding
60
Guarding
61
Noise Shield
62
Figure 2-21 Model 2636A Noise Shield (Non-Floating)
63
Safety Shield
64
Figure 2-24 Safety Shield for Hazardous Voltage Using Two 2601A/2602A Channels (>42V)
65
Using Shielding and Guarding Together
66
Model 2601A/2602A-1 Connections for Noise Shield Safety Shield, and Guarding
67
Test Fixture
68
Floating an SMU
68
Floating the Series 2600A
69
Model 2601A/2602A-1 SMU Connections
70
Output-Off States
71
Selecting the Output-Off State
71
Table 3-1 Source-Measure Capabilities
73
3 Basic Operation
74
Overview
74
Operation Overview
74
Source-Measure Capabilities
74
Compliance Limit
75
Setting the Compliance Limit
76
Basic Circuit Configurations
77
Operation Considerations
77
Warm-Up
77
Figure
77
Auto Zero
78
Table 3-4 Auto Zero Settings
78
NPLC Caching
79
Basic Source-Measure Procedure
79
Front Panel Source-Measure Procedure
79
Remote Source-Measure Procedure
81
Table 3-6 Basic Source-Measure Commands
81
Triggering in Local Mode
82
Figure
82
Configuring Trigger Attributes in Local Mode
83
Figure
83
Measure Only
84
Sink Operation and Interface
85
Ohms Measurements
85
Ohms Calculations
85
Ohms Ranging
85
Basic Ohms Measurement Procedure
85
Ohms Sensing
86
Figure
86
Sense Selection
87
Figure
87
Remote Ohms Programming
88
Power Measurements
89
Power Calculations
89
Basic Power Measurement Procedure
89
Remote Power Programming
89
Contact Check Measurements
90
Overview
90
Contact Check Commands
91
Table 3-7 Basic Contact Check Commands
91
Contact Check Programming Example
92
User Setup
92
Saving User Setups
92
Recalling a Saved Setup
93
To Select Power-On Setup
93
Saving User Setups from a Command Interface
93
4 Source-Measure Concepts
96
Overview
96
Compliance Limit
96
Maximum Compliance
96
Compliance Principles
96
Overheating Protection
97
Power Equations to Avoid Overheating
97
Table 4-2 Model 2601A/2602A Maximum Duty Cycle Equation Constants
99
Table 4-3 Model 2611A/2612A/2635A/2636A Maximum Duty Cycle Equation Constants
99
Operating Boundaries
100
Source or Sink
100
Continuous Power Operating Boundaries
100
Figure
100
I-Source Operating Boundaries
101
Figure
102
Figure
103
Figure
104
V-Source Operating Boundaries
105
Figure
106
Figure
107
V-Source Operating Examples
108
Source I Measure I, Source V Measure V
109
Basic Circuit Configurations
109
Source I
109
Source V
110
Measure Only (V or I)
110
Contact Check
111
Guard
112
Guard Overview
112
Guard Connections
113
Settling Time Considerations
114
Measurement Settling Time Considerations
114
Reduction in Gain-Bandwidth
116
Table 4-5 Current Source Gain-Bandwidth
116
5 High-Capacitance Mode
117
Overview
118
Understanding High-Capacitance Mode
118
Understanding Source Settling Times
118
Adjusting the Voltage Source
119
Enabling High-Capacitance Mode
120
Front Panel
120
Command Interface
121
Figure
121
Figure
122
6 Range, Digits, Speed, Rel, and Filters
123
Overview
124
Range
124
Available Ranges
124
Maximum Source Values and Readings
125
Ranging Limitations
125
Manual Ranging
125
Auto Ranging
125
Low Range Limits
125
Range Considerations
126
Range Programming
126
Table 6-2 Range Commands
127
Digits
128
Setting Display Resolution
128
Remote Digits Programming
128
Speed
128
Table 6-3 Digits Commands
128
Remote Speed Programming
129
Setting Speed
129
Table 6-4 Speed Command
129
Rel
130
Front Panel Rel
130
Remote Rel Programming
131
Filters
131
Filter Types
131
Table 6-5 Rel Commands
131
Figure
131
Front Panel Filter Control
132
Figure
132
Figure
133
Remote Filter Programming
134
Table 6-6 Filter Commands
134
7 Reading Buffers
135
Table 7-2 Reading Buffer Commands
135
Reading Buffer Overview
136
Working with Reading Buffers in the Local State
136
Reading Buffer Options
136
Figure
136
Configuring Reading Buffers
137
Appending or Overwriting Existing Reading Buffers
137
Storage Operation
138
Saving Reading Buffers
138
Recalling Readings
139
Working with Reading Buffers in the Remote State
139
Table 7-1 SMU Buffer Example
140
Reading Buffer Commands
141
Table 7-3 Buffer Storage Control Attributes
142
Table 7-4 Buffer Read-Only Attributes
142
Table 7-5 Buffer Control Programming Examples
142
Table 7-6 Buffer Read-Only Attribute Programming Examples
142
Buffer Status
143
Table 7-7 Recall Attributes
143
Table 7-8 Buffer Status Bits
143
Buffer Examples
144
Dynamic Reading Buffers
144
8 Digital I/O
147
Digital I/O Port
148
Port Configuration
148
Digital I/O Configuration
149
Controlling Digital I/O Lines
150
Table 8-1 Digital Bit Weight
150
Table 8-3 Digital I/O Bit Weight
150
Output Enable (Models 2601A/2602A)
151
Overview
151
Operation
152
Front Panel Control of Output Enable
152
Remote Control of Output Enable
153
Interlock (Models 2612A/2612A/2635A/2636A)
153
Overview
153
Operation
153
TSP-Link Synchronization Lines
154
Connecting to TSP-Link
154
Using TSP-Link Synchronization Lines for Digital I/O
154
Remote TSP-Link Synchronization Line Commands
155
9 Sweep Operation
157
Overview
158
Section Overview
158
Sweep Overview
158
Figure
158
Sweep Characteristics
159
Linear Staircase Sweeps
159
Figure
160
Logarithmic Staircase Sweeps
161
Figure
162
Figure
163
List Sweeps
164
Pulse Mode Sweeps
165
Configuring and Running Sweeps
166
Configuring Other Sweep Attributes
166
Configuring Measurements During a Sweep
167
Source and Measurement Delays
167
Initiating and Running Sweeps
167
Aborting a Sweep
167
Sweeping Using Factory Scripts
168
Front Panel
168
Sweep Programming Examples
168
Table 9-2 Sweep Example Parameters
168
List Sweep Example
169
10 Triggering
171
Remote Triggering Overview
173
Using the Remote Trigger Model
173
Using the Remote Trigger Model
174
Table 10-1 Event Ids
174
Figure
175
Configuring Source and Measure Actions
176
Enabling Pulse Mode Sweeps (End Pulse Action)
176
SMU Event Detectors
176
Clearing SMU Event Detectors
177
Using the TRIG Key to Trigger a Sweep
177
Table 10-2 Event Detectors
177
Using Trigger Events to Start Actions on Trigger Objects
178
Action Overruns
179
Digital I/O Port and TSP-Link Synchronization Lines
179
Common Attributes
179
Trigger Configuration on Hardware Lines
180
Action Overruns on Hardware Lines
181
Timers
181
Timer Attributes
181
Triggering a Timer
182
Using Timers to Perform Pulse Mode Sweeps
183
Timer Action Overruns
187
Event Blenders
187
Event Blender Modes
187
Assigning Input Trigger Events
188
Action Overruns
188
LAN Triggering Overview
188
Understanding Hardware Value and Pseudo Line State
188
Table 10-4 Action Overruns
188
Understanding LXI Trigger Event Designations
189
Generating LXI Trigger Packets
189
Table 10-6 LAN Trigger Modes
189
Logging LAN Trigger Events in the Event Log
190
Accessing the Event Log from the Command Interface
192
Command Interface Triggering
192
Manual Triggering
193
Interactive Triggering
193
Detecting Trigger Events Using the Wait() Function
193
Using the Assert() Function to Generate Trigger Events
194
Using the Release() Function of the Hardware Lines
194
Using the Set() Function to Bypass SMU Event Detectors
194
Event Detector Overruns
195
Examples Using Interactive Triggering
195
Hardware Trigger Modes for Digital I/O and TSP-Link Synchronization Lines
197
Falling Edge Trigger Mode
197
Output Characteristics
198
Rising Edge Master Trigger Mode
199
Rising Edge Acceptor Trigger Mode
200
Either Edge Trigger Mode
201
Understanding Synchronous Triggering Modes
202
Synchronous Master Trigger Mode (Synchronousm)
202
Synchronous Acceptor Trigger Mode (Synchronousa)
204
Synchronous Trigger Mode
205
11 Display Operations
209
Display Functions and Attributes
210
Display Features
210
Display Screen
210
Measurement Functions
210
Display Resolution
210
Clearing the Display
210
Display Messages
212
Clearing the Display
212
Cursor Position
212
Displaying Text Messages
213
Input Prompting
215
Menu
215
Parameter Value Prompting
216
Indicators
217
Load Test Menu
218
LOCAL Lockout
218
Table 11-2 Bit Identification for Indicators
218
Adding USER TESTS Menu Entries
219
Loading and Saving a User Script
219
Deleting USER TESTS Menu Entries
220
Running a Test from the Front Panel
220
Key-Press Codes
220
Sending Key Codes
220
Capturing Key-Press Codes
221
Table 11-3 Key Codes to Send for Display.sendkey
221
Table 11-4 Key Code Values Returned for Display.getlastkey
222
12 TSP Fundamentals and Script Management
223
Introduction
224
Test Script Processor (TSP)
224
Run-Time Environment
224
Queries
225
Scripts
225
Naming Scripts
225
Renaming Scripts
226
Functions
226
Scripts that Create Functions
226
Programming Overview
227
What Is a Chunk
227
What Is a Script
227
Run-Time Environment
228
Nonvolatile Memory
228
TSP Script Types
229
Programming Model for Scripts
229
User Scripts
230
Creating a User Script
230
Script Examples
231
Table 12-1 Example Script to Sweep V and Measure I
231
Table 12-2 Example Script Using a Function
231
Saving a User Script
233
Loading Scripts from the USB Flash Drive
235
Running a User Script
236
Modifying a User Script
237
Script Management
238
Memory Considerations for the Run-Time Environment
240
13 Test Script Builder (TSB)
241
Installing the Test Script Builder Software
242
System Connections
242
Using Test Script Builder
242
Project Navigator
242
Script Editor
242
Programming Interaction
242
Starting Test Script Builder
243
Opening Communications
244
Creating and Modifying a Script
246
Script Launch Configuration
250
Launching a Script
254
Running a TSP File
255
Retrieving Scripts from the Series 2600A
255
Instrument Console
256
File Management Tasks
262
Displaying Custom Messages
265
14 System Expansion (TSP-Link)
267
Overview
267
Connections
268
Overview
268
Master and Slaves
268
System Configurations
268
Initialization
269
Assigning Node Numbers
269
Resetting the TSP-Link
269
Using the Expanded System
270
Accessing Nodes
270
System Behavior
271
Triggering with TSP-Link
271
TSP Advanced Features
271
Using Groups to Manage Nodes on the TSP-Link Network
273
Table 14-2 TSP-Link Network Group Functions
273
Running Parallel Test Scripts
274
Using the Data Queue for Real-Time Communication
276
Copying Test Scripts Across the TSP-Link Network
276
Removing Stale Values from the Reading Buffer
276
15 Communications Interfaces
279
Overview
280
Selecting an Interface
280
Output Queue
280
GPIB Operation
281
GPIB Standards
281
GPIB Connections
281
Primary Address
282
Terminator
283
General Bus Commands
283
Table 15-1 General Bus Commands
283
DCL (Device Clear)
284
GET (Group Execute Trigger)
284
GTL (Go to Local)
284
IFC (Interface Clear)
284
LLO (Local Lockout)
284
REN (Remote Enable)
284
SDC (Selective Device Clear)
284
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
285
Front Panel GPIB Operation
285
Error and Status Messages
285
GPIB Status Indicators
285
LOCAL Key
286
RS-232 Interface Operation
286
Setting RS-232 Interface Parameters
286
Sending and Receiving Data
287
Terminator
287
Baud Rate
287
Data Bits and Parity
287
Flow Control (Signal Handshaking)
287
RS-232 Connections
288
Error Messages
289
Ethernet Communications
289
Ethernet Cable Connection
289
Table 15-4 PC Serial Port Pinout
289
Using the LAN with Remote Operations
290
Table 15-5 LAN Functions
290
16 LAN Concepts and Settings
293
Overview
294
Establishing a Point-To-Point Connection
294
LAN Troubleshooting Suggestions
299
Connecting to the LAN
300
Setting the Method
300
Assigning the Method
301
Setting the IP Address
301
Setting the Subnet Mask
301
Understanding the Domain Name System
301
Verify Menu Overview
302
Understanding LAN Speeds
302
Configuring the LAN Speed
302
Duplex Mode
303
Configuring the Duplex Mode
303
Configuring the Network Settings
303
Config/Fault
303
Viewing LAN Status Messages
303
Table 16-1 Config/Fault Messages
303
Viewing the Network Settings
304
Confirming the Active Speed and Duplex Negotiation
304
Confirming Port Numbers
304
Table 16-2 Port Number
304
Selecting a Remote Command Interface
305
Configuring a Telnet Connection
305
17 Web Interface and TSB Embedded
309
Table 17-1 Web Browser Requirements
309
Working with the Web Interface
310
Web Browser Requirements
310
Accessing the Web Interface
310
Configuring IP Addressing
311
Password Management
314
Password Overview
314
Accessing the Virtual Front Panel
315
Device Identification Indicator
316
Working with TSB Embedded
317
Using the Instrument Control Library (ICL)
317
18 TSP-Nettm
319
Overview
320
TSP-Net Capabilities
320
Using TSP-Net with any Ethernet-Enabled Device
320
In this Section
320
Example Script
321
Using TSP-Net Vs. TSP-Link for Communication with TSP-Enabled Devices
321
19 Remote Commands
323
Test Script Language (TSL)
325
Introduction
325
Reserved Words
325
Variables and Types
325
Operators
326
Functions
326
Tables/Arrays
327
Precedence
328
Logical Operators
328
Concatenation
329
Branching
329
Loop Control
330
Command Programming Notes
331
Conventions
331
Functions and Attributes
332
Syntax Rules
333
TSP-Link Nodes
334
Logical Instruments
334
Reading Buffers
335
Time and Date Values
336
Remote Versus Local State
336
Standard Libraries
337
String Library Functions
338
Math Library Functions
339
File I/O
340
Instrument Control Library
341
Beeper
345
Bit
345
Data Queue
351
Delay
353
Digio
353
Display
360
Errorqueue
376
Event Log
378
Exit
380
File I/O
380
Format
383
File System
384
Gpib
387
Lan
391
Localnode
407
Makegetter and Makesetter
415
Meminfo
416
Opc
416
Printbuffer and Printnumber
417
Reset
418
Script
419
Serial
420
Setup
423
Smux
425
Status
472
Status Register Sets
472
Status Byte and SRQ
472
Timer
526
Trigger
527
Tsplink
534
Tspnet
543
Userstring
556
Waitcomplete
558
Standard Libraries
558
String Library Functions
559
Math Library Functions
559
Factory Scripts
560
Introduction
560
Running a Factory Script
561
Modifying a Factory Script
561
Factory Script Information
562
Kisweep
562
Kipulse
570
Kihighc
593
Kiparlib
595
Kisavebuffer
596
20 Calibration
597
Introduction
597
Environmental Conditions
597
Temperature and Relative Humidity
597
Warm-Up Period
597
Line Power
597
Calibration Considerations
597
Calibration Cycle
597
Recommended Calibration Equipment
597
Calibration Errors
597
Introduction
598
Calibration Procedure
605
Routine Maintenance
619
Introduction
620
Front Panel Tests
621
Upgrading the Firmware
622
Performance Verification
625
Introduction
626
Restoring Factory Defaults
628
Performing the Verification Test Procedures
629
Setting the Measurement Range
630
Voltage Measurement Accuracy
632
Output Current Accuracy
633
Model 2635A/2636A Output Current Accuracy 1Na to 100Na Ranges
635
Current Measurement Accuracy
638
Model 2635A/2636A Current Measurement Accuracy 100Pa to 100Na Ranges
639
Appendix Topic
641
A Error and Status Messages
641
Error Summary
641
Error Effects on Scripts
641
Reading Errors
641
Common Commands
647
Command Summary
647
Command Reference
647
Status Model
651
Overview
651
Status Byte and SRQ
651
Status Register Sets
651
Queues
652
Overview
652
Status Function Summary
661
Clearing Registers and Queues
662
Programming and Reading Registers
662
Programming Enable and Transition Registers
662
Reading Registers
663
Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ
663
Status Byte Register
663
Service Request Enable Register
665
Serial Polling and SRQ
665
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling
665
Status Byte and Service Request Commands
665
Enable and Transition Registers
665
Controlling Node and SRQ Enable Registers
666
Status Register Sets
667
System Summary Event Registers
667
Standard Event Register
668
Operation Event Registers
669
Measurement Event Registers
671
Register Programming Example
672
Queues
672
Output Queue
672
Error Queue
672
TSP-Link System Status
673
Status Model Configuration Example
673
Display Character Codes
677
Display Character Dot Patterns
677
Index
685
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Keithley 2600a series Specifications
General
Brand
Keithley
Model
2600a series
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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