Digi XBee3 802.15.4 User Manual

Networking Peer-to-peer networks
Digi XBee3® 802.15.4 RF Module User Guide
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Peer-to-peer networks
By default, XBee3 802.15.4 RF Modules are configured to operate within a peer-to-peer network
topology and therefore are not dependent upon master/slave relationships. Our peer-to-peer
architecture features fast synchronization times and fast cold start times. This default configuration
accommodates a wide range of RF data applications.
To form a peer-to-peer network, set each device to the same channel and PAN ID and configure either
a unique short address (MY) for each device or set MY to 0xFFFF to use the unique long addresses.
Master/slave networks
In a Master Slave network, there is a coordinator and one or more end devices. When end devices
associate to the coordinator, they become members of that Personal Area Network (PAN). As such,
they share the same channel and PAN ID. PAN IDs must be unique to prevent miscommunication
between PANs. Depending on the A1 and A2 parameters, association may assist in automatically
assigning the PAN ID and the channel. These parameters are specified below based on the network
role (end device or coordinator).
End device association
End device association occurs if CE is 0 and A1 has bit 2 set. See the following table and A1 (End Device
Association).
Bit Hex value Meaning
0 0x01 Allow PAN ID reassignment
1 0x02 Allow channel reassignment
2 0x04 Auto association
3 0x08 Poll coordinator on pin wake
By default, A1 is 0, which disables association and causes a device to operate in peer-to-peer mode.
When bit 2 is set, the module becomes an end device and associates to a coordinator. This is done by
sending out an active scan to detect beacons from nearby networks. The active scan iterates through
each channel defined by SCand transmits a Beacon Request command to the broadcast address and
the broadcast PAN ID. It then listens on that channel for beacons from any coordinator operating on
that channel. Once that time expires, the active scan selects the next channel, repeating until all the
channels defined by SC have been scanned.
If A1 is 0x04 (bit 0 clear, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will reject all beacons that do
not match both the configured PAN ID and the configured channel. This is the best way to join a
particular coordinator.
If A1 is 0x05 (bit 0 set, bit 1 clear, and bit 2 set), then the active scan will accept a beacon from any
PAN ID, providing the channel matches. This is useful if the channel is known, but not the PAN ID.

Digi XBee3 802.15.4 Specifications

General

Module Type	XBee3
Protocol	802.15.4
Frequency Band	2.4 GHz
Data Rate	Up to 250 kbps
Range (Line of Sight)	1200 m
Operating Temperature	-40° C to +85° C
Security	AES-128
I/O Interfaces	UART, SPI, I2C
Antenna Options	U.FL
Power Supply	2.1 to 3.6 VDC

Summary

Trademarks and Copyright

Disclaimers

Warranty

Customer Support

Applicable Firmware and Hardware

Firmware Support

Information on supported firmware versions for the module.

Hardware Support

Details on the compatible hardware versions for the module.

Get Started

Verify Kit Contents

Lists the components included in the XBee3 development kit.

Assemble the Hardware

Instructions for assembling and disassembling hardware components.

Configure the Device Using XCTU

Steps for configuring the device using the XBee Configuration and Test Utility.

Perform a Range Test

Procedure for testing RF range and link quality between two modules.

Configure the XBee3 802.15.4 RF Module

Over-the-Air (OTA) Firmware Update

Instructions for updating firmware remotely using XCTU.

Custom Defaults

How to set and manage custom default device configurations.

Modes

Transparent Operating Mode

Device behavior as a serial line replacement for RF transmission.

API Operating Mode

Structured interface for complex communication using packets.

Command Mode

State for interacting with the device via AT commands for configuration.

Serial Communication

Serial Interface

How the module interfaces with host devices via UART or SPI.

Flow Control

Mechanisms to manage data flow and prevent buffer overflow.

SPI Operation

SPI Communications

Details on SPI signals, directions, and functions in slave mode.

Low Power Operation

How sleep modes function with SPI and UART interfaces.

I/O Support

Digital I/O Support

Configuration of digital I/O lines for input, output, and sampling.

Analog I/O Support

Configuration of analog inputs for sampling and PWM outputs.

Periodic I/O Sampling

How to sample I/O pins at a periodic rate.

Digital I/O Change Detection

Triggering samples based on digital pin state changes.

Networking

MAC Mode Configuration

Settings for Digi header and MAC acknowledgments.

Addressing

How source and destination addresses are handled in RF packets.

Encryption

Enabling and controlling AES 128-bit encryption for RF transmissions.

Maximum Payload

Factors affecting the maximum data payload size in packets.

Sleep Support

Sleep Modes

Configurations for Pin Sleep, Cyclic Sleep, and Pin Wake-up modes.

Sleep Parameters

AT commands related to sleep mode configuration and timing.

Sleep Conditions

Factors that prevent the device from entering sleep mode.

AT Commands

Network and Security Commands

Commands for network channel, ID, security, and compatibility settings.

802.15.4 Addressing Commands

Commands for setting source, destination, and network addresses.

UART Interface Commands

Commands for configuring serial communication parameters.

I/O Settings Commands

Commands for configuring the module's digital and analog I/O pins.

I/O Sampling Commands

Commands for reading I/O pin states and generating sample data.

Operate in API Mode

API Mode Overview

Benefits and structure of API mode for device communication.

API Frame Format

Structure and fields of API frames for data exchange.

Frame Descriptions

TX Request: 64-bit Address Frame - 0x00

Frame for sending data to a specific 64-bit address.

AT Command Frame - 0x08

Frame for querying or setting local AT command parameters.

RX Packet: 64-bit Address Frame - 0x80

Frame indicating receipt of data via 64-bit addressing.

AT Command Response Frame - 0x88

Frame indicating the result of an AT Command request.

TX Status Frame - 0x89

Frame indicating the status of a transmitted packet.

OTA Firmware Upgrade Process for 802.15.4

OTA/OTB File

Structure and format of OTA firmware image files.

Create the Image Notify Request

Frame used to inform the client about an available firmware update.

Query Next Image Request

Client request for the next firmware image block.

Image Block Request

Client request for specific bytes of the OTA firmware image.

OTA Error Handling

Troubleshooting common errors during the OTA upgrade process.