GE MiCOM P40 Agile User Manual

● For Reverse operating zones the dynamically tilting line is in the opposite quadrant of the characteristic
compared with Forward/Offset Zones and the dynamic tilt moves the line away from the resistive axis.
● For Offset zones, the Impedance Reach lines tilt away from the R-axis, whilst the Reverse Impedance Reach
Lines tilt towards the +R axis. This avoids overreaching in the reverse direction.
● For products that feature single-phase tripping, when one circuit breaker pole is open during a single-pole
autoreclose sequence, dynamic tilting is automatically disabled. The fault current is used as the polarizing
signal and a fixed -7° tilt is applied. The additional tilt reduces the possibility of overreach caused by using
the faulted phase as the reference.
Note:
Zone 1X used in Zone 1 Extension Schemes uses the Zone 2 tilt settings to ensure that it does not underreach.
Dynamic tilting of reactance lines only occurs when the line is polarized with I2. If Iph is used as the polarizing
quantity the tilt of the Impedance Reach line is fixed. If fixed tilting is selected, Iph is always used. If dynamic tilting
is enabled, then the protection will decide whether to use I2 or Iph (and hence whether dynamic tilting will apply)
according to the angular relationship between I2 and Iph.
The following criteria are applied:
● If the angle between I2 and Iph is more than 45°, the Quadrilateral characteristics are disabled and Mho
characteristics are used instead.
● If the angle between I2 and Iph is less than 45°, Leading and lagging polarizing currents are allocated
according to the phase relations between I2 and Iph as presented in the diagram below:
2
I
ph
I
2
II
II


LAG
phLEAD
2
I
ph
I
phLAG
LEAD
II
II


2
V02728
Figure 68: Phase relations between I2 and Iph for leading and lagging polarizing currents
The comparators used for the reactance lines are allocated as per the following table:
Zone Line S1 S2 Condition
Zone 1
Impedance Reach
Vph - IphZ
replica
I
LAG
∠σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
Zone 1
Reverse Impedance
Reach
Vph - IphZ’
replica
I
LAG
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
Forward or Offset zones (except Zone
1)
Impedance Reach
Vph - IphZ
replica
I
LEAD
∠σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
Forward or Offset zones (except Zone
1)
Reverse Impedance
Reach
Vph - IphZ’
replica
I
LAG
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
Reverse Impedance Reach
Vph + IphZ
replica
-I
LEAD
∠σ
∠S1 -∠S2 < 0º
Reverse
Reverse Impedance
Reach
Vph + Iph Z’
replica
-I
LAG
∠-3º
∠S1 -∠S2 > 0º
If I
LEAD
is I2 the lines are dynamically tilted up from the fixed angle.
P543i/P545i Chapter 7 - Distance Protection
P54x1i-TM-EN-1 159

GE MiCOM P40 Agile Specifications

General

Brand	GE
Model	MiCOM P40 Agile
Category	Control Unit
Language	English