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Measuring Instruments
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Keithley 2500 User Manual
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2-8
Connections
Model 2500 and 2502 User’s Manual
Figure 2-6
Ground connect mode equivalent circuit
Model 2500
Back
Photodiode
Forward
Photodiode
Laser
Diode
V
-Source
A
A
INPUT HI
INPUT HI
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 1
Analog
Common
Channel 2
Analog
Common
I
I
Chassis Ground
Chassis Ground
INPUT
Outer Shield
INPUT
Outer Shield
V
-Source
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
TestEquipmentDepot.com
69
71
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
7
Table of Contents
7
1 Getting Started
33
General Information
34
Warranty Information
34
Contact Information
34
Manual Addenda
34
Safety Symbols and Terms
34
Getting Started
34
Inspection
35
Options and Accessories
35
Manuals
35
Triax Cables and Adapters
35
Carrying Case
36
Interface Cables
36
Rack Mount Kits
36
Product Overview
37
Front and Rear Panel Familiarization
38
Front Panel Summary
38
Rear Panel Summary
40
Figure 1-3 Model 2502 Rear Panel
41
Power-Up
42
Line Voltage Selection
42
Line Power Connection
42
Power-Up Sequence
43
System Identification
43
Line Frequency Setting
44
Front Panel Line Frequency
44
Remote Command Line Frequency
44
Fuse Replacement
44
Display
45
Display Format
45
Table 1-1 Line Fuses
45
CHANNEL SELECT Key
46
DISPLAY TOGGLE Key
46
Status and Error Messages
46
Disabling Front Panel Display
46
Front Panel Control
46
Remote Display Programming
47
Front Panel Tests
47
Default Settings
48
Saving and Restoring User Setups
48
Restoring Setups
48
Saving Setups
48
Power-On Configuration
48
Factory Default Settings
48
Table 1-3 Factory Default Settings
49
Remote Setups
51
Menus
52
Main Menu
52
Table 1-4 Main Menu
52
Figure 1-4 Main Menu Tree
54
Rules to Navigate Menus
55
Editing Voltage Bias Values
56
Configuration Menus
56
Table 1-5 Measurement Configuration Menus
57
Table 1-6 Source Configuration Menus
58
Table 1-8 Limit Configuration Menu
59
Table 1-9 Trigger Configuration Menu
60
Table 1-10 Sweep, Digits, Speed, and Data Store Configuration Menus
61
Table 1-11 Output and Display Configuration Menus
62
2 Connections
63
Connection Precautions
64
INPUT and OUTPUT Connectors
64
Connector Terminals
65
Triax INPUT Connectors
65
OUTPUT Connectors
65
Output Enable
66
Photodiode Connections
66
Typical Connections
66
Figure 2-3 Typical Photodiode Connections
67
Equivalent Circuit
68
Connection Considerations
68
Ground Connect Mode Connections
69
Figure 2-6 Ground Connect Mode Equivalent Circuit
70
Alternate Connecting Methods
71
Current Measurement Connections
71
Voltage Source Connections
72
Analog Output Connections (Model 2502 Only)
73
Analog Output Connector Terminals
73
Non-Isolated Connections
74
Isolated Connections
75
Equivalent Circuits
76
Figure 2-13 Analog Output Equivalent Circuit with Ground Connect Enabled
77
3 Basic Operation
78
Operation Overview
79
Measurement and Voltage Bias Capabilities
79
Ranges
79
Compliance
80
Basic Circuit Configuration
80
Operation Considerations
81
Warm-Up
81
Auto Zero
81
Front Panel Auto Zero
81
Remote Command Auto Zero
81
Source Delay
82
Auto Delay Period
82
Table 3-3 Auto Source Delay
82
Manual Delay
83
Output Slew Time
83
Front Panel Source Delay
84
Remote Command Source Delay
84
Ground Connect Mode
85
Front Panel Ground Connect
85
Remote Command Ground Connect
85
Figure 3-3 Ground Connect Enabled
86
Basic Measurement Procedure
87
Output Control
87
Basic Measurement Circuit Configuration
87
Front Panel Measurement Procedure
88
Step 1. Select Measurement Channel and Range
88
Step 2. Select Source Channel and Set Source Level
88
Step 3. Turn Source Outputs on
89
Step 4. Observe Readings on the Display
89
Step 5. Turn Source Output off
89
Remote Command Measurement Procedure
89
Basic Measurement and Voltage Source Commands
89
Measurement Programming Example
90
Table 3-6 Basic Measurement and Voltage Source Commands
90
Using the Analog Outputs (Model 2502 Only)
91
Table 3-7 Basic Measurement Command Sequence
91
4 Photodiode Measurements
92
Configuring Measurements
93
Measurement Configuration Menu
93
Configuring Measurements
94
Optical Power
94
Front Panel Photodiode Measurements
95
Photodiode Measurement Circuit Configuration
95
Front Panel Photodiode Measurement Procedure
95
Step 1. Configure Measurement Functions
95
Step 2. Set Bias Voltage Source Values
96
Step 3. Turn Source Outputs on
96
Step 4. Observe Readings on the Display
96
Step 5. Turn Source Outputs off
96
Remote Photodiode Measurements
96
Photodiode Measurement Commands
96
Table 4-2 Photodiode Measurement Commands
97
Photodiode Measurement Programming Example
98
Table 4-3 Basic Measurement Command Sequence
99
5 Measurement Concepts
100
Source-Delay-Measure Cycle
101
Overview
101
Triggering
101
Delay Phase
102
Measurement Time
102
Sweep Waveforms
103
Staircase Sweeps
103
Custom Sweep
103
SDM Cycle During Sweeps
104
Typical Sweep Applications
104
Sweep Data Storage
104
Bias Source Operating Boundaries
105
Limit Lines
105
Loading Effects
105
Figure 5-5 Loading Effects
106
Data Flow
107
Basic Readings
107
Data Storage Enabled
107
Limit Test Enabled
107
Figure 5-6 Data Flow Front Panel
108
Figure 5-7 CALC Block Data Flow
109
6 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters
110
Range and Digits
111
Measurement Range
111
Available Ranges
111
Manual Ranging
111
Maximum Readings
111
Auto Range Limits
112
Auto Range Operation with Range Limits
112
Auto Ranging
112
Digits
113
Setting Display Resolution
113
Remote Range and Digits Programming
113
Range and Digits Programming Example
114
Speed
114
Setting Speed
115
Speed-Accuracy Menu
115
Remote Speed Programming
116
Speed Commands
116
Speed Programming Example
116
Filters
116
Filter Stages
116
Figure 6-2 2-Stage Filtering
116
Table 6-4 Speed Commands
116
Figure 6-3 Repeat Filter (Count 10)
117
Median Filter
117
Repeat Filter
117
Figure 6-4 Median Filter (Rank 5)
118
Figure 6-5 Moving Filter (Count 10)
119
Moving Filter
119
Filter Configuration
120
Filter Control
121
Remote Filter Programming
122
Filter Commands
122
Table 6-6 Filter Commands
122
Filter Programming Example
123
7 Relative, Math, Ratio, and Delta
124
Relative
125
Front Panel Rel
125
Defining a Rel Value
125
Enabling and Disabling Rel
125
Using REL in the Dual-Channel Mode
126
Remote Rel Programming
126
Rel Commands
126
Table 7-1 Rel Commands
126
Rel Programming Example
127
Measurement Math Functions
127
Math Functions
127
I/V
127
Electrical Power
128
MX + B
128
Optical Power
128
Front Panel Math Functions
129
Remote Math Functions
130
Math Function Programming Example
131
RATIO and DELTA
131
RATIO Functions
131
Msr1/Msr2
131
Table 7-5 Math Function Programming Example
131
Msr2/Msr1
132
DELTA Functions
132
Msr1-Msr2
132
Front Panel RATIO and DELTA Configuration
133
Table 7-6 RATIO and DELTA Configuration Menus
133
Remote RATIO and DELTA
134
RATIO and DELTA Function Programming Example
135
8 Data Store
136
Data Store Overview
137
Front Panel Data Store
137
Storing Readings
137
Recalling Readings
137
Buffer Location Number
138
Displaying Other Buffer Readings
138
Timestamp
138
Buffer Statistics
139
Average
139
Minimum and Maximum
139
Peak-To-Peak
139
Standard Deviation
139
Timestamp Format
140
Timestamp Accuracy
140
Buffer Considerations
140
Using :Trace Commands to Store Data
140
Using :READ? to Store Data
141
Remote Command Data Store
141
Data Store Commands
141
Table 8-1 Data Store Commands
141
Data Store Programming Example
142
Table 8-2 Data Store Example
142
9 Sweep Operation
143
Sweep Types
144
Linear Staircase Sweep
144
Logarithmic Staircase Sweep
145
Figure 9-2 Logarithmic Staircase Sweep (Example 5-Point Sweep from 1 to 10 Volts)
145
Custom Sweep
146
Table 9-1 Logarithmic Sweep Points
146
Custom Sweep Examples
147
Figure 9-3 Custom Pulse Sweep
147
Figure 9-4 Custom Sweep with Different Pulse Widths
147
Configuring and Running a Sweep
148
Front Panel Sweep Operation
148
Configuring a Sweep
148
Setting Delay
149
Trigger Count and Sweep Points
150
Performing Sweeps
150
Performing a Linear Staircase Sweep
150
Performing a Log Staircase Sweep
151
Performing a Custom Sweep
153
Remote Sweep Operation
154
Staircase Sweep Commands
154
Staircase Sweep Programming Example
155
Table 9-3 Staircase Sweep Programming Example (Photodiode Test)
155
Custom Sweep Commands
156
Table 9-4 Custom Sweep Commands
156
Custom Sweep Programming Example
157
10 Triggering
158
Trigger Model (Front Panel Operation)
159
Idle
159
Figure 10-1 Trigger Model (Front Panel Operation)
160
Event Detection
161
Arm Layer
161
Trigger Layer
162
Trigger Delay
162
Source, Delay, and Measure Actions
162
Counters
163
Output Triggers
163
Bench Defaults
164
Operation Summary
164
Trigger Link
165
Input Trigger Requirements
165
Figure 10-2 Rear Panel Pinout
165
Figure 10-3 Trigger Link Input Pulse Specifications
165
External Triggering Example
166
Figure 10-4 Trigger Link Output Pulse Specifications
166
Figure 10-5 DUT Test System
166
Figure 10-6 Trigger Link Connections
167
Model 2500 Setup
168
Operation
169
Switching Mainframe Setup
169
Figure 10-7 Operation Model for Triggering Example
170
Configuring Triggering
171
CONFIGURE TRIGGER Menu
171
Figure 10-8 Configure Trigger Menu Tree
173
Remote Triggering
174
Trigger Model (Remote Operation)
174
Idle and Initiate
174
Figure 10-9 Trigger Model (Remote Operation)
175
Event Detection
176
Arm Layer
176
Trigger Layer
177
Trigger Delay
178
Source, Delay, and Measure Actions
178
Figure 10-10 Measure Action
178
Counters
179
Output Triggers
179
GPIB Defaults
180
Operation Summary
180
Remote Trigger Commands
181
Remote Trigger Example
182
Table 10-2 Remote Triggering Example
182
11 Limit Testing
183
Types of Limits
184
Pass/Fail Information
184
Figure 11-1 Limit Tests
184
Data Flow
185
Limit Test Feeds
185
Limit 1 and 2 Tests (Compliance)
185
Limit 3 to 6 Tests
185
Limit Test Modes
185
Binning
186
Operation Overview
186
Grading Mode
186
Figure 11-2 Grading Mode Limit Testing
187
Binning Control
188
Figure 11-3 Immediate Binning
188
Figure 11-4 End Binning
188
Fail Condition
189
Pass Condition
189
Sorting Mode
190
Binning
190
Figure 11-5 Sorting Mode Limit Testing
191
Handler Interface
192
Digital I/O Connector
192
Digital Output Lines
192
Figure 11-6 Handler Interface Connections
192
Binning Systems
192
SOT Line
193
OE Line
193
Handler Types
193
Category Pulse Component Handler
193
Category Register Component Handler
194
Basic Binning Systems
194
Single-Element Device Binning
194
Figure 11-7 Binning System—Single Element Devices
195
Multiple-Element Device Binning
196
Digital Output Clear Pattern
196
Enabling Auto-Clear
196
Auto-Clear Timing
197
Configuring and Performing Limit Tests
198
Configuring Limit Tests
198
Performing Limit Tests
200
Step 1. Configure Test System
200
Step 2. Configure Bias Source and Measure Functions
200
Step 3. Configure Limit Tests
201
Step 4. Turn Output on
201
Step 5. Start Testing Process
201
Step 6. Stop Testing Process
201
Remote Limit Testing
202
Limit Commands
202
Table 11-1 Limit Commands
202
Limit Test Programming Example
203
Table 11-2 Limits Test Programming Example
204
12 Digital I/O Port, Output Enable, and Output Configuration
205
Digital I/O Port
206
Port Configuration
206
+5V Output
207
Digital Output Lines
207
EOT/BUSY Line
207
SOT Line
207
Digital Output Configuration
208
Figure 12-2 Sink Operation
208
Sink Operation
208
Source Operation
209
Controlling Digital Output Lines
209
Figure 12-3 Source Operation
209
Front Panel Digital Output Control
209
Remote Digital Output Control
210
Output Enable
210
Figure 12-4 Using Test Fixture Output
211
Front Panel Output Configuration
212
Configure OUTPUT Menu
212
Remote Output Configuration
213
Output Configuration Commands
213
Output Configuration Programming Example
214
13 Remote Operations
215
Differences: Remote Vs. Local Operation
216
Local-To-Remote Transition
216
Remote-To-Local Transition
216
Selecting an Interface
216
GPIB Operation
217
GPIB Standards
217
GPIB Connections
218
Figure 13-1 IEEE-488 Connector
218
Figure 13-2 IEEE-488 Connections
218
Figure 13-3 IEEE-488 and RS-232 Connector Location
219
Primary Address
220
General Bus Commands
220
Table 13-1 General Bus Commands
220
GTL (Go to Local)
221
IFC (Interface Clear)
221
LLO (Local Lockout)
221
REN (Remote Enable)
221
DCL (Device Clear)
222
GET (Group Execute Trigger)
222
SDC (Selective Device Clear)
222
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
222
Front Panel GPIB Operation
223
Error and Status Messages
223
GPIB Status Indicators
223
Lstn
223
Rem
223
Talk
223
Srq
224
LOCAL Key
224
Programming Syntax
224
Command Words
224
Commands and Command Parameters
224
Query Commands
226
Case Sensitivity
227
Long-Form and Short-Form Versions
227
Short-Form Rules
227
Program Messages
228
Multiple Command Messages
228
Single Command Messages
228
Command Execution Rules
229
Command Path Rules
229
Program Message Terminator (PMT)
229
Using Common and SCPI Commands in the same Message
229
Response Messages
230
Multiple Response Messages
230
Response Message Terminator (RMT)
230
Sending a Response Message
230
Message Exchange Protocol
230
RS-232 Interface Operation
231
Sending and Receiving Data
231
Baud Rate
231
Data Bits and Parity
231
Terminator
232
Flow Control (Signal Handshaking)
232
RS-232 Connections
232
Error Messages
233
Table 13-3 PC Serial Port Pinout
233
Programming Example
234
14 Status Structure
235
Overview
236
Status Byte and SRQ
236
Status Register Sets
236
Queues
236
Figure 14-1 Model 2500 Status Register Structure
237
Clearing Registers and Queues
238
Programming and Reading Registers
239
Programming Enable Registers
239
Figure 14-2 16-Bit Status Register
239
Reading Registers
240
Status Byte and Service Request (SRQ)
241
Status Byte Register
242
Service Request Enable Register
243
Serial Polling and SRQ
243
SPE, SPD (Serial Polling)
243
Status Byte and Service Request Commands
244
Programming Example - Set MSS (B6) When Error Occurs
244
Status Register Sets
245
Register Bit Descriptions
245
Figure 14-4 Standard Event Status
245
Standard Event Register
245
Figure 14-5 Operation Event Status
247
Operation Event Register
247
Measurement Event Register
248
Figure 14-6 Measurement Event Status
249
Questionable Event Register
250
Condition Registers
251
Event Registers
251
Event Enable Registers
252
Programming Example - Program and Read Register Set
253
Queues
253
Output Queue
253
Error Queue
254
Programming Example - Read Error Queue
255
Table 14-9 Error Queue Commands
255
15 Common Commands
256
Command Summary
257
Command Reference
258
IDN? - Identification Query
258
OPC - Operation Complete
258
OPC? - Operation Complete Query
258
OPC Programming Example
259
OPT? - Option Query
259
SAV <Nrf> - Save
259
RCL <Nrf> - Recall
259
Table 15-2 *OPC Programming Example
259
SAV, *RCL Programming Example
260
RST - Reset
260
TRG - Trigger
260
TRG Programming Example
261
TST? - Self-Test Query
261
WAI - Wait-To-Continue
261
16 SCPI Signal-Oriented Measurement Commands
262
Command Summary
263
Configuring Measurement Function
263
Configure:current[:DC]
263
Acquiring Readings
264
Fetch
264
Data[:Latest]
265
Read
265
Measure[:Current[:DC]]
266
17 SCPI Command Reference
267
Reference Tables
268
Table 17-1 Calculate Command Summary
271
Table 17-2 Display Command Summary
274
Table 17-3 Format Command Summary
275
Table 17-4 Output Command Summary
276
Table 17-5 Sense Command Summary
277
Table 17-6 Source Command Summary
279
Table 17-7 Status Command Summary
284
Table 17-8 System Command Summary
285
Table 17-9 Trace Command Summary
286
Table 17-10 Trigger Command Summary
287
Calculate Subsystems
288
Calculate[1] and Calculate2
289
Select Math Function
289
Set MX + B Parameters
290
Mbfactor <N
290
Mmfactor <N
290
Munits <Name
290
Set Optical Power Parameters
291
DC<N
291
Resp<N
291
Enable and Read Math Function Result
292
State <B
292
Data
292
Latest
292
Calculate3 and Calculate4
293
Select Input Path
293
FEED <Name
293
Set or Acquire Relative Value
294
Acquire
294
Offset <N
294
Enable and Read Relative Result
294
Data
294
State <B
294
Calculate5
295
Select RATIO Calculation Mode
295
Format <Name
295
Enable and Read RATIO Result
295
Data
295
State <B
295
Calculate6
296
Select DELTA Calculation Mode
296
Format <Name
296
Enable and Read DELTA Result
296
Data
296
State <B
296
Calculate7
297
Select Input Path
297
FEED <Name
297
Read Limits Data
298
Data
298
Latest
298
Configure and Control Limit Tests
298
Compliance:fail <Name
298
[:DATA] <N
298
Source3 <Nrf> | <NDN
299
Pass:source3 <Nrf> | NDN
301
State <B
301
Composite Testing
302
Fail
302
Pass:source3 <Nrf> | NDN
302
Bcontrol <Name
303
Fail:source3 <Nrf> | <NDN
303
AUTO <B
304
Clear Test Results
304
MODE <Name
304
[:Immediate]
304
Calculate8
305
Acquire Statistic
305
Data
305
Format <Name
305
Select Statistic
305
Display Subsystem
306
Control Display
306
Digits <N
306
Enable <B
306
Attributes
307
MODE <Name
307
Data
308
DATA <A
308
Define :TEXT Messages
308
Read Display
308
State <B
309
Format Subsystem
309
Data Format
309
[:DATA] <Type>[,Length]
309
Figure 17-1 ASCII Data Format
310
Figure 17-2 IEEE-754 Single Precision Data Format (32 Data Bits)
311
Data Elements
312
Elements <Item List
312
CALC Data Elements
315
Calculate <Item List
315
Source3 <Name
315
Trace <Item List
316
Trace Data Elements
316
Border <Name
317
Byte Order
317
Sregister <Name
317
Status Register Format
317
Output Subsystem
318
Turn Source on or off
318
[:State] <B
318
Enable[:State] <B
319
Output Enable Control
319
Tripped
319
Sense Subsystem
320
Select Measurement Range
320
AUTO <B
320
[:Upper] <N
320
Llimit <N
321
Ulimit <N
321
Set Measurement Speed
322
Nplcycles <N
322
Configure and Control Filters
323
Average Filter Commands
323
Count <N
323
[:State] <B
323
Advanced:ntolerance <N
324
Advanced[:State] <B
324
Tcontrol <Name
324
Median Filter Commands
325
Median:rank <Nrf
325
Median[:State] <B
325
Source Subsystem
326
Source[1] and Source2
326
Control Source Output On-Off
326
MODE <Name
326
[:Immediate]
326
Select Sourcing Mode
327
MODE <Name
327
Select Range
327
Range <N
327
AUTO <B
328
Set Amplitude for Fixed Source
329
[:Immediate][:Amplitude] <N
329
Triggered[:Amplitude] <N
330
Set Delay
331
AUTO <B
331
Delay <N
331
Select Ground Connect Mode
332
Gconnect <B
332
Configure Sweeps
332
Ranging <Name
332
Spacing <Name
333
Start <N
333
STOP <N
333
Center <N
334
SPAN <N
334
STEP <N
335
Points <N
336
Configure List
337
Direction <Name
337
Voltage <Nrf List
337
Append <Nrf List>
338
List Sweep
338
Points
338
Logarithmic Sweep
339
Setting Digital Output
340
Source3
340
[:Level] <Nrf> | <NDN
340
Actual
341
MODE <Name
341
AUTO <B
342
Bsize <N
342
Bstate <B
342
Clearing Digital Output
342
[:Immediate]
342
Delay <N
343
Status Subsystem
344
Enable <NDN> or <Nrf
344
Program Event Enable Registers
344
Read Event Registers
344
[:Event]
344
Clear
345
Condition
345
Error Queue
345
Preset
345
Read Condition Registers
345
Select Default Conditions
345
[:Next]
345
Disable <List
346
Enable <List
346
System Subsystem
347
Default Conditions
347
Posetup
347
Preset
347
Control Auto Zero
348
Lfrequency <Freq
348
Select Power Line Frequency Setting
348
State <Name
348
Error Queue
348
[:Next]
348
All
349
Clear
349
Code:all
349
Code[:Next]
349
Count
349
Simulate Key Presses
350
Key
350
Read Version of SCPI Standard
351
Version
351
RS-232 Interface
351
Local
351
Remote
351
Rwlock
352
Reset Timestamp
352
Reset
352
Trace Subsystem
353
Read and Clear Buffer
353
Clear
353
Data
353
Configure and Control Buffer
354
Actual
354
Free
354
Points <N
354
Control <Name
355
Select Timestamp Format
355
Format <Name
355
Trigger Subsystem
356
Initiate Source/Measure Cycle
356
Initiate
356
Abort Source/Measure Cycle
356
Abort
356
Program Trigger Model
357
Count <N
357
Delay <N
358
Source <Name
358
Direction <Name
359
Timer <N
359
Input <Event List
360
Iline <Nrf
361
Oline <Nrf
361
Output <Event List
362
Status and Error Messages
366
113, Undefined Header
373
Eliminating Common SCPI Errors
373
420, Query UNTERMINATED
374
Data Flow
375
Figure C-1 Data Flow Block Diagram
376
Introduction
376
SENS1 and SENS2
377
Fetch
377
Init
377
Read
377
Calculate3:Data? and Calculate4:Data
378
Calculate5:Data? and Calculate6:Data
378
Calculate7:Data
378
Calculate8:Data
378
Calculate[1]:Data? and Calculate2:Data
378
Trace:data
378
IEEE-488 Bus Overview
379
Introduction
380
Bus Description
381
Figure D-1 IEEE-488 Bus Configuration
382
Bus Lines
383
Bus Management Lines
383
Data Lines
383
Handshake Lines
383
Bus Commands
385
Uniline Commands
386
Universal Multiline Commands
386
Address Commands
387
Addressed Multiline Commands
387
Unaddress Commands
387
Common Commands
388
SCPI Commands
388
Table D-2 Hexadecimal and Decimal Command Codes
388
Command Codes
389
Figure D-3 Command Codes
389
Table D-3 Typical Addressed Multiline Command Sequence
390
Table D-4 Typical Addressed Common Command Sequence
390
Typical Command Sequences
390
IEEE Command Groups
391
Table D-5 IEEE Command Groups
391
500 D IEEE-488 Bus Overview
389
Interface Function Codes
392
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA
393
IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information
395
Introduction
395
Table E-2 Coupled Commands
397
Measurement Considerations
398
Low Current Measurements
399
Leakage Currents
399
Noise and Source Impedance
399
DUT Resistance
399
Source Capacitance
400
Generated Currents
401
Offset Currents
401
Electrochemical Effects
402
Humidity
402
Piezoelectric and Stored Charge Effects
402
Triboelectric Effects
402
Dielectric Absorption
403
Voltage Burden
403
Figure F-1 Voltage Burden
403
General Measurement Considerations
404
Ground Loops
404
Light
405
Electrostatic Interference
406
Magnetic Fields
407
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
407
GPIB 488.1 Protocol
408
Introduction
409
Selecting the 488.1 Protocol
409
Protocol Differences
410
Message Exchange Protocol (MEP)
410
Using SCPI-Based Programs
410
Bus Hold-Off
411
Trigger-On-Talk
411
Message Available
411
General Operation Notes
411
Example Programs
412
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA
412
Introduction
413
Hardware Requirements
413
Software Requirements
413
General Program Instructions
413
Basic Measurement Program
414
Photodiode Measurement Program
415
Data Store Program
416
Linear Sweep Program
417
Limit Test Program
418
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Service Manual
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Keithley 2500 Specifications
General
Brand
Keithley
Model
2500
Category
Measuring Instruments
Language
English
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