Appendix D On-screen Controls
D - 30 Instructions for Use
Selections for Cardiac Measurements
Basic Cardiac Measurement Tools
2D-Mode ---
Distance Distance
Calculates the length of a straight line.
LV Dist LV Dist
Measures the distance between four points on a line to determine IVS (interventricular
septum), LVID (left ventricular internal diameter) and LVPW (left ventricular posterior wall).
Angle Angle
Determines the angle by intersecting lines (PISA and MS).
Spline Spline
Measures the circumference and area of a structure established with three or more markers.
Ellipse Ellipse
Determines the area, diameter, and circumference.
Trace Trace
Calculates the circumference of an irregular shape.
Vol MOD Vol MOD
Determines the circumference, area, long axis length, and volume of a structure.
Time Time
Measures the change in time between two points.
Velocity Velocity
Determines velocity (V) and pressure gradient (PG).
HR HR (Heart Rate)
Measures the heart rate using one heart cycle.
Acceleration Accel (Acceleration)
Measures the change of velocity over time, using a slope formula.
PHT PHT (Pressure Half Time)
Determines a valve area from a peak velocity and a diastolic slope and calculating the time
takes for the pressure to drop by one half.
VTI manual VTI manual
Determines velocity and pressure gradients using a manual trace of a Doppler spectrum.
VTI Mean (auto) VTI Mean (auto)
Determines velocity and pressure gradients using an automatic trace of a Doppler spectrum.
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