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Protection Device
P444
GE P444 User Manual
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Application Notes
P44x/EN AP/
H
b
6
MiCOM P40 A
gile P442, P44
4
(A
P) 5
-
67
Figure
42
:
Switch on to fault and trip on reclose logic di
agram
3.2.8
Zone 1 Ext. on Channel
Fail
See section
3.1
.
3.2.9
Permissive Ov
erreach Schemes Weak I
nfeed (WI) Feat
ures
Weak Infeed (WI) lo
gic can be enabled to run in pa
rallel
with all t
he permissive schem
es.
Two options are availa
ble: WI Echo, an
d WI Tripping.
218
220
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Contents
3
Table of Contents
7
1 Introduction
9
2 Health and Safety
9
3 Symbols and External Labels on the Equipment
10
Protection Class I Equipment
11
Before Energizing the Equipment
11
Accidental Touching of Exposed Terminals
11
4 Installing, Commissioning and Servicing
10
Equipment Connections
10
5 De-Commissioning and Disposal
13
6 Technical Specifications for Safety
13
Protective Fuse Rating
13
Protective Class
13
Installation Category
14
Environment
14
Introduction to Micom Guides
19
Contents
19
Introduction to Micom
21
Product Scope
22
Application Overview
24
Communication Protocol Options
24
Functional Diagram
24
Rating Options
24
Ordering Options
25
Technical Data
29
Power Supply
31
Ratings
31
Environmental Conditions
32
Output Contacts
32
Type Tests
32
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
33
Cyber Security
34
Mechanical Robustness
34
Timing and Accuracy
35
Distance Protection
39
Global Settings (System Data)
39
Settings, Measurements and Records List
39
Directional and Non Directional Overcurrent Protection
41
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection
41
Power Swing Detection and Blocking
41
Broken Conductor Detection
42
Directional and Non-Directional Earth Fault Overcurrent Protection
42
Maximum of Residual Power – Zero Sequence Power
42
Aided Directional Earth Fault (Def) Overvoltage Protection
43
Residual Overvoltage
43
Thermal Overload
43
Undercurrent Protection
43
Dnp3.0
45
Getting Started
49
Front Panel
53
Getting Started
53
Introduction to the Relay
53
User Interfaces and Menu Structure
53
Function Key Functionality
54
Hotkey Functionality
54
Relay Rear Panel
54
Under the Top Hinged Cover
54
P442 Relay Rear View (60 te Case)
55
P444 Relay Rear View (80 te Case)
55
Introduction to the User Interfaces and Settings Options
56
Relay Connection and Power-Up
56
Menu Structure
57
Control and Support Settings
58
Disturbance Recorder Settings
58
Password Protection
58
Protection Settings
58
Level of Access: Relays with Cyber Security Features
60
Relay Configuration
60
Front Panel User Interface (Keypad and LCD)
61
Default Display and Menu Time-Out
62
NERC Compliant Banner (Relays with Cyber Security Features)
62
Default Display Navigation
63
Menu Navigation and Setting Browsing
63
CB Control
64
Control Inputs – User Assignable Functions
64
Hotkey Menu Navigation
64
Setting Group Selection
64
Password Entry
65
Relays with Cyber Security
65
Standard Relays
65
Reading and Clearing of Alarm Messages and Fault Records
66
Setting Changes
66
Front Communication Port User Interface
67
Front Port Connection
67
Getting Started
68
Introduction to the Settings Application Software
68
PC – Relay Signal Connection
68
Download Data Models
69
Quick System Guide
69
Connect to an IED Front Port
70
Connect to an IED in a System
70
Send Settings to a Device
70
Set up a System
70
DNP3 Configurator
71
Extract a Disturbance Record from a Device
71
Extract an Event File from a Device
71
IEC 61850 Configurator
71
PSL Editor
71
S&R Courier
71
Aedr2
72
Device (Menu) Text Editor
72
Wavewin
72
Winaedr2
72
1.10.10 Event Viewer
73
Relay Setting Configuration (“System Data” Column)
79
Settings
79
Configuration Column (“Configuration” Menu)
81
Alternative Setting Groups
84
Single-Bus Installations with a Transfer Bus
84
Selection of Setting Groups
85
Distance Zone Settings (“Distance” Menu)
87
Protection Functions
87
Distance Protection Schemes (“Distance Scheme” Menu)
91
Distance Schemes
92
Power Swing Detection and Blocking (PSB) (“Power Swing” Menu)
95
Directional and Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection ("Back-Up I>" Menu)
97
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection (“NEG Sequence O/C” Menu)
98
Neg Sequence O/C
99
Maximum of Residual Power Protection - Zero Sequence Power Protection ("Zero Seq Power" Menu)
101
Broken Conductor Detection
102
Directional and Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection ("Earth Fault O/C" Menu)
102
Aided Directional Earth Fault (DEF) Protection Schemes ("Aided D.E.F" Menu)
105
Thermal Overload ("Thermal Overload" Menu)
105
Residual Overvoltage (Neutral Displacement) Protection ("Residual Overvoltage" Menu)
106
Undercurrent Protection
107
Undercurrent Protection ("I< Protection" Menu)
107
Undervoltage Protection
107
Voltage Protection ("Volt Protection" Menu)
107
Overvoltage Protection
108
Frequency Protection ("Freq Protection" Menu)
110
Underfrequency Protection
110
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection (CBF) ("CB Fail & I<" Menu)
111
Overfrequency Protection
111
Circuit Breaker Condition Monitoring ("CB Condition" and "CB Monitor Setup" Menus)39
113
Non-Protection Functions
113
CB Condition Monitoring
114
Circuit Breaker Control (“CB Control” Menu)
115
CT and VT Ratio
117
“Record Control” Column
118
Disturbance Recorder (“Disturb Recorder” Menu)
119
Measurements (“Measure’t Setup” Column)
121
Communications Settings for Courier Protocol
122
“Communications” Column
122
Communication Settings for IEC 60870-5-103
123
Communication Settings for Modbus Protocol
124
Communication Settings for DNP3.0 Protocol
125
Communications for Ethernet Port - IEC 61850 Protocol
126
Rear Port 2 Connection Settings
128
“Commissioning Tests” Column
129
Opto Inputs Configuration (“Universal Input” Menu)
131
HOTKEYS / Control Inputs ("Control Input", "Ctrl I/P Config" and "Ctrl I/P Label" Menus)
132
Intermicom Communication Channel
133
Intermicom Teleprotection (P442/P444 Only, "Intermicom Comms" and "Intermicom Conf" Menus)
133
Intermicom Configuration
135
Programmable Function Keys and Tricolour Leds ("Function Key" Menu)
136
Ethernet NCIT (IEC 61850-9-2 Etherne Board Option Only)
137
“IED Configurator” Column (P442 / P444 Only)
138
Supervision (“Supervision” Menu)
139
Check Synchronisation (“System Check” Menu)
140
Autorecloser (“Autoreclose” Menu)
141
Security Configuration ("SECURITY CONFIG" Menu, if Option Avalable)
144
PSL Timers" Configuration
145
How to Use the PSL Editor
146
Programmable Scheme Logic Default Settings
146
Logic Input Mapping
147
Relay Output Contact Mapping
148
Fault Recorder Trigger
151
Programmable LED Output Mapping
151
CT Knee Point Voltage for Earth Fault Distance Protection
152
CT Knee Point Voltage for Phase Fault Distance Protection
152
Current Transformer Requirements
152
Determining Vk for an IEEE "C" Class CT
152
Recommended CT Classes (British and IEC)
152
Introduction
159
Micom Distance Relay
159
Protection Features
159
Protection of Overhead Lines and Cable Circuits
159
Non-Protection Features
160
Additional Features for the P442 Relay Model
161
Additional Features for the P444 Relay Model
162
Explanation about Specific Symbols Used in the Logic Diagrams
162
Distance Algorithms
163
Distance and Fault Resistance Estimation
163
Distance and Resistance Measurement
163
Phase-To-Earth Loop Impedance
165
Impedance Measurement Algorithms Work with Instantaneous Values (Current and Voltage).14
166
Phase-To-Phase Loop Impedance
166
"Delta" Algorithm
167
Detection of the Fault
167
Establishing the Fault Direction
167
Fault Modelling
168
Network Status Monitoring
168
Phase Selection
168
Prefault and Fault Inception Value
168
Detecting a Transition
169
Transition Detection
169
Example: Isolated AC Fault
170
Confirmation
172
Directional Decision
172
Directional Determination Using Superimposed Values
172
"Conventional" Algorithms
174
Confirmation
174
Deltas Algorithms
174
Directional Decision
174
Phase Selection
174
Convergence Analysis
175
Start-Up Characteristic
175
Impedance Phase Selection
176
Directional Decision
177
Directional Decision During SOTF-TOR (Switch on to Fault/Trip on Reclose)
177
Faulted Zone Decision
178
Single-Phase Fault
178
Two-Phase or Three-Phase Fault
178
DDB Inputs / Outputs for General Trip Logic
179
Tripping Logic
179
Logic Diagram
180
Fault Locator
181
Line Model Selection
182
Processing Algorithms
182
Selecting the Fault Location Data
182
Double Circuit Lines
183
Protection against Current Reversal (Transient Blocking)
183
Direction Reversal from Sequential Clearing of Parallel Lines
184
Distance Protection and Distance Scheme Functions
185
Fault Distance Characteristics (“Distance Elements” Menu Setting)
186
Line Setting
186
Main Protection Principle
186
Zone Setting
186
Zone Setting – Zone Status
187
Phase/Ground Fault Quadrilateral Characteristics
188
Zone 1 Extension Scheme
189
Effect of Mutual Coupling on Zone 1 Setting
190
Effects of Mutual Coupling on Distance Settings
190
Zone 1 Reach Considerations
191
KZ0 Calculation Description
192
Mutual Coupling Example - Zone 2 Reach Considerations
192
Resistive Reach Calculation – Phase Fault Element
193
Zone Setting – Resistive Reach Calculation
193
Zone Setting – Z
193
Resistive Reach Calculation – Earth Fault Element
195
Resistive Reaches for Load Avoidance
195
Fault Locator
196
Zone Setting – Zone Time Delay
196
Channel Aided Distance Schemes
198
Standard Mode: Basic
198
Standard Scheme
198
Logic Diagram for the Basic Scheme
199
Main Protection in the Basic Scheme
199
Permissive Underreach Protection, Accelerating Zone 2 (PUP Z2)
200
Permissive Underreach Transfer Trip Schemes PUP Z2 and PUP Fwd
200
Permissive Underreach Protection Tripping Via Forward Start (PUP Fwd)
201
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip Schemes POP Z2 and POP Z1
202
PUP Fwd Permissive Underreach Scheme
202
Logic Diagram for the POP Z2 Scheme
203
Main Protection in the POP Z2 Scheme
203
Permissive Overreach Protection with Overreaching Zone 1 (POP Z1)
203
Logic Diagram for the POP Z1 Scheme
204
Main Protection in the POP Z1 Scheme
204
Blocking Overreach Protection with Overreaching Zone 1 (BOP Z1)
205
Blocking Schemes BOP Z2 and BOP Z1
205
Blocking Overreach Protection with Overreaching Zone 2 (BOP Z2)
206
Logic Diagram for the BOP Z1 Scheme
206
Main Protection in the BOP Z1 Scheme
206
Logic Diagram for the BOP Z2 Scheme
207
Main Protection in the BOP Z2 Scheme
207
Carrier Send Zone (Open Scheme)
208
Carrier Send Zones in Open Schemes
208
Trip Mode
208
Current Reversal Guard Logic
209
Current Reversal in Double Circuit Lines
209
Distance Carrier Received (Dist CR)
209
Permissive Overreach Schemes Current Reversal Guard
209
Blocking Scheme Current Reversal Guard
210
Unblocking Logic (Permissive Scheme)
210
Logic for the Loss of Guard Function
211
Loss of Guard Logic
211
Loss of Guard Mode
211
Logic for the Loss of Carrier Function
212
Loss of Carrier
212
Initiating TOR-SOTF Protection
213
Setting Guidelines
213
Trip on Reclose (TOR) / Switch on to Fault (SOTF) Modes
213
SOTF-TOR Activation Logic
214
TOR-SOTF Trip Logic
216
SOTF Trip Logic Results
217
TOR Trip Logic Results
217
Inputs /Outputs in TOR / SOTF Logic
218
Switch on to Fault by Level Detectors
218
Permissive Overreach Schemes Weak Infeed (WI) Features
219
Zone 1 Ext. on Channel Fail
219
Weak Infeed Activation
220
Weak Infeed Echo
220
Weak Infeed Tripping
220
Weak Infeed Phase Selection Logic
221
Weak Infeed Trip Decision Logic
221
Loss of Load (Lol)
222
Loss of Load Accelerated Tripping (Lol)
222
Weak Infeed Trip Logic
222
Distance Protection Setting Example
223
Other Protection Considerations - Settings Example
223
Power Swing
223
Line Impedance
224
Relay Settings
224
System Data
224
Zone 1 Phase Reach Settings
224
Zone 2 Phase Reach Settings
225
Zone 3 Phase Reach Settings
225
Zone 4 Reverse Settings with no Weak Infeed Logic Selected
225
Zone 4 Reverse Settings with Weak Infeed Logic Selected
225
Power Swing Band
226
Resistive Reach Calculations
226
Apparent Impedance
227
Current Reversal Guard
227
Instantaneous Overcurrent Protection
227
Teed Feeder Protection
227
Permissive Overreach Schemes
228
Permissive Underreach Schemes
228
Teed Feeder Application - Apparent Impedances Seen by Relay
228
Blocking Schemes
229
Teed Feeder Applications
229
Blocking / Unblocking Logic
230
Distance Protection Logic
230
MIMIC Diagram
230
Logic of the Distance Protection by Zones
231
Unblocking / Blocking Logic with Power Swing or Reversal Guard
232
Channel Aided Distance Scheme Logic
234
Zone 1 Extended
234
Loss of Load Trip Logic
235
Distance Trip Equation
236
Trip Logic and Zone 1 Extension Logic
236
Application of Individual Protection Functions
238
Biphase Power Swing Characteristic
238
Power Swing Detection and Blocking (PSB)
238
Conditions for Isolating Lines
239
Line in One Pole Open Condition (During Single-Pole Trip)
239
Power Swing Inside the Load Blinder Area
239
Selective Protection Blocking
239
Biphase Loop
240
Power Swing Blocking
240
Stable Swing and out of Step
240
Negative Sequence Current
241
Phase Current Threshold
241
Power Swing Unblocking (Unblocking of the Relay for Faults During Power Swing)
241
Residual Current
241
Power Swing Detection and Blocking Logic
242
What Loop Is Faulty?
242
Load Blinder Characteristics
244
Load Blinding (Load Avoidance)
244
Load Blinder Setting
245
Application of Timer Hold Facility
246
Directional and Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection
246
Inverse Time Characteristics
246
Directional Overcurrent Protection
247
Setting Guidelines
247
Time Delay VTS
247
Current and Time Delay Settings for the I>3 Element
248
Highset Overcurrent and Switch on to Fault Protection
248
Stub Bus Protection
248
Tripping Logic for Phase Overcurrent Protection
248
Negative Sequence Overcurrent Protection
249
Setting Guidelines
249
Directionalising the Negative Phase Sequence Overcurrent Element
250
Maximum of Residual Power Protection - Zero Sequence Power Protection ("Zero Seq Power" Menu)
250
Zero Sequence Decreasing Along the Line
250
Broken Conductor Detection
251
Directional and Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection
253
SBEF Calculation & Logic
253
Application of Zero Sequence Polarising
254
Directional Earth Fault Protection (DEF)
254
Logic Without Directionality
254
Aided Directional Earth Fault (DEF)
255
Application of Negative Sequence Polarising
255
DEF Protection against High Resistance Earth Faults
255
High Resistance Earth Fault Detection
255
Aided Directional Earth Fault (DEF) Protection Schemes
257
Directional Comparison Protection Blocking Scheme
257
SBEF – Stand-By Earth Fault (Not Communication-Aided)
257
DEF Calculation
258
Polarising the Directional Decision
258
PSL Required to Activate DEF Logic with an Independant Channel
258
PSL Required to Activate DEF Logic with Shared Channel
258
Aided DEF Permissive Overreach Scheme
259
Aided DEF Schemes
259
Independent Channel – Permissive Scheme
259
Shared Channel – Permissive Scheme
259
Aided DEF Blocking Scheme
260
Independent Channel – Blocking Scheme
260
The DEF Permissive Scheme
260
Shared Channel – Blocking Scheme
261
The DEF Blocking Scheme
261
Logic Diagram for the DEF Blocking Scheme
262
Dual Time Constant Characteristic
263
Single Time Constant Characteristic
263
Time Constant Characteristic
263
Residual Overvoltage Protection
264
Residual Voltage, Solidly Earthed System
265
Residual Voltage, Resistance Earthed System
266
Frequency Protection
267
Underfrequency Protection
267
Voltage Protection
267
Circuit Breaker Fail Protection
268
Overfrequency Protection
268
Breaker Fail Timer Settings
269
Breaker Fail Undercurrent Settings
269
Breaker Failure Protection Configurations
269
Typical Settings
269
CB Fail General Logic
270
Reset Mechanisms for Breaker Fail Time-Delays
271
Algorithm for Pole Dead Detection
272
Description of the Open Pole Detection Algorithm
272
Circuit Breaker Condition Monitoring
273
Non Protection Functions
273
Lockout Reset
274
Setting the Excessive Fault Frequency Thresholds
274
Setting the Number of Operations Thresholds
274
Setting the Operating Time Thresholds
274
Circuit Breaker Control
276
Remote Control of Circuit Breaker
276
CB Fail to Trip or to Close
277
Status of CB Is Incorrect CBA3P
277
Logic Inputs / Outputs Used by the CB Control Logic
278
CT and VT Ratio
279
CT Ratios
279
General CB Control Logic
279
General Circuit Breaker Control Logic
279
VT Ratios
280
Control I/P Configuration
281
Control I/P Labels
281
Protection Signalling
281
Unit Protection Schemes
281
Communications Media
282
Pictorial Comparison of Operating Modes
282
General Features & Implementation
283
Physical Connections
283
Direct Connection
284
Direct Connection Within the Local Substation
284
Intermicom Teleprotection Via a MODEM Link
284
Modem Connection
284
Functional Assignment
285
Intermicom Settings
285
Intermicom Loopback Testing & Diagnostics
286
Intermicom Statistics & Diagnostics
286
Recommended Frame Synchronism Time Settings
286
Connections for External Loopback Mode
287
Programmable Function Keys/Tricolour Leds (“Function Key” Menu)
287
DDB ‘LED 1 Red’
288
DDB: ‘Fnkey LED 1 Red’
288
DDB: ‘Function Key’ (See P44X/En PL)
288
Supervision
288
Loss of One or Two Phase Voltages
289
VTS Description
289
Loss of All Three Phase Voltages under Load Conditions
290
Zero Sequence VTS Element
290
Absence of Three Phase Voltages on Line Energisation
291
Internal Logic of the VT Failure Detection
291
Line Energisation – Superimposed Current under Fault Condition
291
Fuse Failure Alarm Reset
292
VTS Logic
292
Current Transformer Supervision (CTS)
293
INPUT / OUTPUT Ddbs Used in the PSL
293
Setting the CT Supervision Element
293
The CT Supervision Feature
293
Basic CVT Supervision Diagram
294
Capacitive Voltage Transformers Supervision (CVTS)
294
Check Synchronisation
294
OUTPUT DDB Used in the PSL
294
Live Busbar and Dead Line
295
Check Synchronism Settings
296
Dead Busbar and Dead Line
296
Dead Busbar and Live Line
296
Frequency Calculation
297
Calculation of Diff. Phase
298
Leading Vline Phase
298
Trailing Vline Phase
298
Check Sync Psl Logic
299
Ddbs from Check Synchronism Function Used in the PSL
299
Internal Check Synchronism and Internal Autoreclose Logic
301
Logic with External Autoreclose
301
Logic with External Synchronisation Check
301
Autorecloser
302
Autoreclose Cycle – General Description
303
Autoreclose Timing Diagram
303
Successive Autoreclose Cycles
303
Number of Shot (Trip Mode Cells) Setting
304
Reclosing Scheme for Single Phase Trips
304
De-Ionising Time
305
Dead-Time Setting
305
Example Minimum Dead Time Calculation
305
Minimum Fault Arc De-Ionising Time
305
Discrimination Time Setting
306
Reclaim Time
306
Autoreclose Inhibit Window
307
Fault During an Autoreclose 1P Cycle
307
Fault During an Autoreclose Cycle During
307
Autoreclose Inhibit Window Logic
308
Block Autoreclose
308
Check Synchronism on 3-Pole Reclosure
308
Block Autoreclose Logic
309
Autoreclose Force Sync
310
CB Discrepancy
310
Check Sync Signal will be Forced at the End of Dead Time
310
No Pick-Up at the End of the Dead Time
310
Logic Inputs / Outputs Used by the Autoreclose Logic
311
Logic Outputs Generated by the Autoreclose Logic
311
Autoreclose Activation
312
Logic Diagrams
312
Logic for Reclaim Time /A/R Close / A/R Fail and A/R Force Sync
312
SPAR, TPAR and AR Activation
312
AR Lockout by Number of Shots
313
Internal Logic of AR Lockout
313
3-Pole AR in Progress
314
A/R 1 Pole in Progress and A/R Discrim Logic
314
AR Logic for 3P Trip Decision
315
Circuit Breaker State Monitoring
315
Circuit Breaker State Monitoring Features
315
Output Dealayed Autoreclose
315
Different Opto Inputs / CB Aux Schemes
316
DDB Inputs / Outputs for CB Logic
318
Logic CBAUX Scheme
319
Programmable Logic
321
Description of P442 and P444 Logic Nodes
325
Programmable Logic (Psl)
325
Sorted by DDB Number
325
Factory Default Programmable Scheme Logic
376
Time-Delay Definition in Psl
378
Default Programmable Scheme Logic (Psl)
382
Measurements and Recording
387
Event and Fault Recorder
391
Event Recorder (“View Records” Menu)
391
Change of State of Opto-Isolated Inputs.
393
Types of Event
393
Change of State of One or more Output Relay Contacts
394
Relay Alarm Conditions
394
Fault Records
395
General Events
395
Maintenance Reports
395
Protection Element Starts and Trips
395
Resetting of Event / Fault Records
396
Viewing Event Records Via Micom S1 Agile Support Software
396
Measured Currents
400
Measurements
400
Sequence Voltages and Currents
400
Firmware Design
403
Hardware Overview
407
Main Processor Board
407
Power Supply Module
407
Relay System Overview
407
Relay Modules and Information Flow
408
9-2 Ethernet Board (Optional)
409
Ethernet or Redundant Ethernet Board (Optional)
409
Real-Time Operating System
409
Second Rear Comms and Intermicom Board (Optional)
409
Disturbance Recorder
410
Platform Software
410
Protection & Control Software
410
Co-Processor Board
411
Hardware Modules
411
Internal Communication Buses
411
Processor Board
411
Input Board
412
Input Module
412
Transformer Board
412
Universal Opto Isolated Logic Inputs
412
Main Input Board
413
Opto Inputs Threshold Levels
414
Power Supply Board (Including RS485 Communication Interface)
414
Power Supply Module (Including Output Relays)
414
Power Supply Options
414
IRIG-B Board (P442 and P444 Only)
415
Output Relay Board (High Speed / High Break – Option)
415
Output Relay Board (Standard)
415
2Nd Rear Communications Board
416
Ethernet and Redundant Boards
416
Mechanical Layout
417
Relay Software
418
Relay Software Structure
418
System Services Software
418
Database Interface
419
Protection and Control Software
419
Record Logging
419
Settings Database
419
Overview - Protection and Control Scheduling
420
Signal Acquisition and Processing
420
Signal Processing
420
Event and Fault Recording
421
Programmable Scheme Logic
421
Initialisation Software
422
Self Testing & Diagnostics
422
System Boot
422
Continuous Self-Testing
423
Platform Software Initialisation & Monitoring
423
Commissioning
425
Equipment Required for Commissioning
431
Minimum Equipment Required
431
Optional Equipment
431
Product Checks
432
With the Relay De-Energised
432
Current Transformer Shorting Contacts
433
Rear Terminal Blocks on Size 60TE Case
433
Rear Terminal Blocks on Size 80TE Case
433
Visual Inspection
433
Current Transformer Shorting Contact Locations
434
External Wiring
434
Insulation
434
Location of Securing Screws for Terminal Blocks
434
Auxiliary Supply
435
Operational Range of Auxiliary Supply
435
Watchdog Contacts
435
With the Relay Energised
435
Date and Time
436
With an IRIG-B Signal
436
Without an IRIG-B Signal
436
Field Voltage Supply
437
Input Opto-Isolators
437
Opto-Isolated Input Terminals
438
Output Relays
438
Courier Communications
440
Rear Communications Port
440
Relay Output Terminals and Test Pattern Settings
440
RS485 Terminals
440
Current Inputs
441
IEC 60870-5-103 (VDEW) Communications
441
Modbus Communications
441
CT Ratio Settings
442
Voltage Input Terminals
442
Voltage Inputs
442
VT Ratio Settings
442
Apply Application-Specific Settings
443
Check Application-Specific Settings
443
Demonstrate Correct Distance Function Operation
444
Functional Tests: Start Control & Distance Characteristic Limits
444
Measurements Check
444
Measurement 1/LCD Menu
446
Characteristic Point Determination
449
Default Simulation Principle
449
To Simulate a Single-Phase Fault
449
Example of Z-Graph Screen (Rio Format Can be Created as Well)
450
Single Characteristic with P Forward Zone
451
Zones Coverage
451
To Simulate a Two-Phase Fault
452
Check and Test of the Starting Characteristics
454
Control of Single-Phase Fault Characteristic
454
LCD Menu for a Control of an Input/Output / Monitor Bits Check
455
Control
459
Distance Scheme Test (if Activated in Micom S1 Agile)
459
Loss of Guard/Loss of Carrier Test
460
Weak Infeed Mode Test
460
Protection Operation During Fuse Failure
461
Relay Blocking
461
Relay Unblocking
461
Connect the Test Circuit
462
Demonstrate Correct Overcurrent Function Operation
462
Signal Repercussions
462
Check the Operating Time
463
Check Trip and Auto-Reclose Cycle
463
Perform the Test
463
Measured Voltages and VT Ratio Settings
465
On-Load Checks
465
Voltage Connections
465
Current Connections
466
Final Checks
467
Maintenance
469
Alarms
473
Maintenance Checks
473
Maintenance Period
473
Opto-Isolators
473
Location of Securing Screws for Terminal Block
474
Method of Repair
474
Replacing the Complete Relay
474
Replacing a PCB
475
P44X Pcb/Module Locations (Viewed from Front)
476
Front Panel Assembly
478
Replacement of the Main Processor Board
478
Location of Securing Screws for Optional Boards
479
Typical IRIG-B Board
479
Location of Securing Screws for Input Module
480
Replacement of the Input Module
480
Replacement of the Power Supply Board
481
Typical Power Supply Board
481
Replacement of the Extra Relay Board (P442 and P444 Only)
482
Replacement of the Relay Board in the Power Supply Module
482
Typical Relay Board
482
Replacement of the Opto and Separate Relay Boards
483
Typical Opto Board
483
Changing the Battery
484
Instructions for Replacing the Battery
484
Recalibration
484
Battery Disposal
485
Post Modification Tests
485
Troubleshooting
487
Initial Problem Identification
492
Power up Errors
493
Error Message/Code on Power-Up
494
Error Code During Operation
496
Failure of Opto-Isolated Inputs
498
Failure of Output Contacts
498
Mal-Operation of the Relay During Testing
498
Diagram Reconstruction after Recover from Relay
499
Incorrect Analog Signals
499
PSL Editor Troubleshooting
499
PSL Version Check
499
Scada Communications
501
Bus Termination
507
EIA(RS)485 Bus
507
Rear Communication Port EIA(RS)485 Interface
507
Biasing
508
Bus Connections & Topologies
508
Figure 1: EIA(RS)485 Bus Connection Arrangements
508
Courier Communication
509
Remote Communication Connection Arrangements
510
MODBUS Communication
511
DNP3.0 Communication
512
IEC 60870-5 CS 103 Communication
512
Second Rear Communication Port (SK4)
512
Ethernet Communication
513
Hot-Standby Ethernet Failover
513
Hot-Standby Ethernet Failover Settings
513
Legacy Protocols
513
Or Working Online
514
Working Offline
514
Courier Interface
515
Courier Protocol
515
Low Level Commands
515
Supported Command Set
515
Relay Courier Database
516
Automatic Event Extraction
517
Event Extraction
517
Setting Transfer Mode
517
Event Format
518
Event Types
518
Manual Event Record Extraction
518
Disturbance Record Extraction
519
Programmable Scheme Logic Settings
519
Communication Link
520
MODBUS Functions
520
Modbus Interface
520
Response Codes
520
Manual Selection
521
Register Mapping
521
Automatic Extraction
522
Record Data
522
Extraction Mechanism
523
Interface Registers
523
Extraction Procedure
524
Manual Extraction Procedure
524
Automatic Extraction Procedure
525
Figure 3: Manual Selection of a Disturbance Record
525
Figure 4: Automatic Selection of a Disturbance - Option
526
Figure 5: Automatic Selection of a Disturbance - Option
527
Extracting the Disturbance Data
528
Figure 6: Extracting the Comtrade Configuration File
528
Figure 7: Extracting the Comtrade Binary Data File
529
Protection and Disturbance Recorder Settings
530
Date and Time Format (Data Type G12)
531
G12 Date & Time Data Type Structure
531
Data Type G29
532
Power & Energy Measurement Data Formats (G29 & G125)
532
Data Type G125
533
Iec 60870-5-103 Interface
534
Initialization
534
Physical Connection and Link Layer
534
Time Synchronization
534
Cyclic Measurements
535
General Interrogation
535
Spontaneous Events
535
Test Mode
535
Dnp3.0 Interface
536
DNP3.0 Menu Setting
536
DNP3.0 Protocol
536
Object 1 Binary Inputs
536
DNP3.0 Configuration Using Micom S1 Agile
537
Object 20 Binary Counters
537
Object 30 Analog Input
537
Iec 61850 Ethernet Interface
539
Interoperability
539
The Data Model
539
What Is IEC 61850?
539
Capability
540
IEC 61850 in Micom Relays
540
Configuration Banks
541
IEC 61850 Configuration
541
Network Connectivity
541
Peer-To-Peer (GSE) Communications
542
Scope
542
The Communication Services of Micom Relays
542
The Data Model of Micom Relays
542
Ethernet Disconnection
543
Ethernet Functionality
543
IEC 61850 GOOSE Configuration
543
Loss of Power
543
Symbols and Glossary
545
Logic Symbols Used
547
Logic Timers
554
Logic Gates
556
Installation
559
Receipt of Relays
563
Handling of Electronic Equipment
564
Storage
565
Unpacking
566
Location of Battery Isolation Strip
567
Relay Mounting
567
Rack Mounting
568
Rack Mounting of Relays
568
Blanking Plates
569
Panel Mounting
569
IP52 Sealing Rings
570
M4 90° Crimp Ring Terminals
571
Medium and Heavy Duty Terminal Block Connections
571
Relay Wiring
571
RS485 Port
571
Download/Monitor Port
572
Earth Connection
572
IRIG-B Connections (if Applicable)
572
RS232 Port
572
Micom P442 – Rear View
573
MICOM P442 with Standard Contacts - Wiring Diagram
574
Micom P444 – HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
579
Micom P444 – Rear View
580
MICOM P444 with Standard Contacts - Wiring Diagram
581
The Need for Cyber Security
590
Standards
591
Cip 002
592
Cip 003
592
NERC Compliance
592
Cip 004
593
Cip 005
593
Cip 006
593
Cip 007
593
Cip 008
594
Cip 009
594
Ieee 1686-2007
594
Four-Level Access
595
Px40 Cyber Security Implementation
595
Access Level Ddbs
596
Default Passwords
596
Password Rules
596
Password Strengthening
597
Password Validation
597
Blank Passwords
598
Password Management
598
Entry of the Recovery Password
599
Password Encryption
599
Password Recovery
599
Disabling Logical Ports
600
Disabling Physical Ports
600
Logging out
600
Port Disablement
600
Events
601
Security Event Values
602
Cyber Security Settings
603
Security Cells Summary
604
Hardware / Software Version History and Compatibility
605
5
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GE P444 Specifications
General
Brand
GE
Model
P444
Category
Protection Device
Language
English
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